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Satellite imagery differs fundamentally from natural images: its aerial viewpoint, very high resolution, diverse scale variations, and abundance of small objects demand both region-level spatial reasoning and holistic scene understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Emanuel Sánchez Aimar , Gulnaz Zhambulova , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Yonghao Xu , Michael Felsberg

Earth Observation (EO) systems are crucial for cartography, disaster surveillance, and resource administration. Nonetheless, they encounter considerable obstacles in the processing and transmission of extensive data, especially in…

Advances in Earth observation (EO) foundation models have unlocked the potential of big satellite data to learn generic representations from space, benefiting a wide range of downstream applications crucial to our planet. However, most…

Earth observation applications increasingly rely on data from multiple sensors, including optical, radar, elevation, and land-cover. Relationships between modalities are fundamental for data integration but are inherently non-injective:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Miguel Espinosa , Eva Gmelich Meijling , Valerio Marsocci , Elliot J. Crowley , Mikolaj Czerkawski

Multimodal representation learning has demonstrated remarkable potential in enabling models to process and integrate diverse data modalities, such as text and images, for improved understanding and performance. While the medical domain can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shuvendu Roy , Franklin Ogidi , Ali Etemad , Elham Dolatabadi , Arash Afkanpour

Automated analysis of vast Earth observation data via interactive Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can unlock new opportunities for environmental monitoring, disaster response, and {resource management}. Existing generic VLMs do not perform…

We present the Transparent Earth, a transformer-based architecture for reconstructing subsurface properties from heterogeneous datasets that vary in sparsity, resolution, and modality, where each modality represents a distinct type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Arnab Mazumder , Javier E. Santos , Noah Hobbs , Mohamed Mehana , Daniel O'Malley

We present TerraMind, the first any-to-any generative, multimodal foundation model for Earth observation (EO). Unlike other multimodal models, TerraMind is pretrained on dual-scale representations combining both token-level and pixel-level…

Self-supervised learning holds great promise for remote sensing, but standard self-supervised methods must be adapted to the unique characteristics of Earth observation data. We take a step in this direction by conducting a comprehensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Antoine Labatie , Michael Vaccaro , Nina Lardiere , Anatol Garioud , Nicolas Gonthier

There is an increasing number of real-world problems in computer vision and machine learning requiring to take into consideration multiple interpretation layers (modalities or views) of the world and learn how they relate to each other. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Alexandru-Raul Todoran , Marius Leordeanu

As large-scale time-series data can easily be found in real-world applications, multivariate time-series anomaly detection has played an essential role in diverse industries. It enables productivity improvement and maintenance cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Heejeong Choi , Subin Kim , Pilsung Kang

Medical imaging is critical for diagnostics, but clinical adoption of advanced AI-driven imaging faces challenges due to patient variability, image artifacts, and limited model generalization. While deep learning has transformed image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Abdul-mojeed Olabisi Ilyas , Adeleke Maradesa , Jamal Banzi , Jianpan Huang , Henry K. F. Mak , Kannie W. Y. Chan

Object slip perception is essential for mobile manipulation robots to perform manipulation tasks reliably in the dynamic real-world. Traditional approaches to robot arms' slip perception use tactile or vision sensors. However, mobile robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Youngjae Yoo , Chung-Yeon Lee , Byoung-Tak Zhang

From optical sensors to microwave radars, leveraging the complementary strengths of remote sensing (RS) sensors is crucial for achieving dense spatio-temporal monitoring of our planet. In contrast, recent deep learning models, whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Gencer Sumbul , Chang Xu , Emanuele Dalsasso , Devis Tuia

A significant amount of remotely sensed data is generated daily by many Earth observation (EO) spaceborne and airborne sensors over different countries of our planet. Different applications use those data, such as natural hazard monitoring,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Alessandro Sebastianelli , Francesco Mauro , Giulia Ciabatti , Dario Spiller , Bertrand Le Saux , Paolo Gamba , Silvia Ullo

The diversity and complementarity of sensors available for Earth Observations (EO) calls for developing bespoke self-supervised multimodal learning approaches. However, current multimodal EO datasets and models typically focus on a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Guillaume Astruc , Nicolas Gonthier , Clement Mallet , Loic Landrieu

Human perception generalizes well across different domains, but most vision models struggle beyond their training data. This gap motivates multi-dataset learning, where a single model is trained on diverse datasets to improve robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Huiyu Zhou , Oscar Mendez , Dacheng Tao , Xuelong Li

Intelligent surveillance systems often handle perceptual tasks such as object detection, facial recognition, and emotion analysis independently, but they lack a unified, adaptive runtime scheduler that dynamically allocates computational…

Recent multimodal systems often rely on separate expert modality encoders which cause linearly scaling complexity and computational overhead with added modalities. While unified Omni-models address this via Mixture-of-Expert (MoE)…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kin Wai Lau , Yasar Abbas Ur Rehman , Lai-Man Po , Pedro Porto Buarque de Gusmão

Earth observation (EO) in open-world settings presents a unique challenge: different applications rely on diverse sensor modalities, each with varying ground sampling distances, spectral ranges, and numbers of spectral bands. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhitong Xiong , Yi Wang , Fahong Zhang , Adam J. Stewart , Joëlle Hanna , Damian Borth , Ioannis Papoutsis , Bertrand Le Saux , Gustau Camps-Valls , Xiao Xiang Zhu