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The rapid progress of auto-regressive vision-language models (VLMs) has inspired growing interest in vision-language-action models (VLA) for robotic manipulation. Recently, masked diffusion models, a paradigm distinct from autoregressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuqing Wen , Hebei Li , Kefan Gu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Xiaoyan Sun

Leveraging temporal context is crucial for success in partially observable robotic tasks. However, prior work in behavior cloning has demonstrated inconsistent performance gains when using multi-frame observations. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huiwon Jang , Sihyun Yu , Heeseung Kwon , Hojin Jeon , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into desired robotic actions. Despite their…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a pivotal approach to learning robotic manipulation at scale by repurposing large pre-trained Vision-Language-Models (VLM) to output robotic actions. However, adapting VLMs for robotic domains comes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rokas Bendikas , Daniel Dijkman , Markus Peschl , Sanjay Haresh , Pietro Mazzaglia

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show potential for general robotic tasks, but remain challenging in spatiotemporally coherent manipulation, which requires fine-grained representations. Typically, existing methods embed 3D positions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

The vision transformer is a model that breaks down each image into a sequence of tokens with a fixed length and processes them similarly to words in natural language processing. Although increasing the number of tokens typically results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Qiqi Zhou , Yichen Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities for embodied intelligence, but most existing approaches rely on text-based chain-of-thought reasoning where visual inputs are treated as static context. This limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chaoyang Wang , Wenrui Bao , Sicheng Gao , Bingxin Xu , Yu Tian , Yogesh S. Rawat , Yunhao Ge , Yuzhang Shang

Current autoregressive Vision Language Models (VLMs) usually rely on a large number of visual tokens to represent images, resulting in a need for more compute especially at inference time. To address this problem, we propose Mask-LLaVA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Soumya Jahagirdar , Walid Bousselham , Anna Kukleva , Hilde Kuehne

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) tasks require reasoning over complex visual scenes and executing adaptive actions in dynamic environments. While recent studies on reasoning VLAs show that explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) can improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chi-Pin Huang , Yunze Man , Zhiding Yu , Min-Hung Chen , Jan Kautz , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Fu-En Yang

Built upon language and vision foundation models with strong generalization ability and trained on large-scale robotic data, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising approach to learning generalist robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zheng Xiong , Kang Li , Zilin Wang , Matthew Jackson , Jakob Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

Vision-Language-Action models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot learning, enabling agents to map visual observations and natural-language instructions into executable robotic actions. Though popular,…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for general-purpose robot manipulation. However, their generalization is inconsistent: while these models can perform impressively in some settings, fine-tuned…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Aiden Swann , Lachlain McGranahan , Hugo Buurmeijer , Monroe Kennedy , Mac Schwager

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework that unifies perception, reasoning, and control for robot manipulation by adapting pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) to action prediction. However, VLM-derived…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kyujin Lee , Injae Kim , Jihwan Park , Yejun Ju , Minseok Joo , Hyunwoo J. Kim

In this study, we address the problem of language-guided robotic manipulation, where a robot is required to manipulate a wide range of objects based on visual observations and natural language instructions. This task is essential for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yusuke Takagi , Motonari Kambara , Daichi Yashima , Koki Seno , Kento Tokura , Komei Sugiura

Although large vision-language-action (VLA) models pretrained on extensive robot datasets offer promising generalist policies for robotic learning, they still struggle with spatial-temporal dynamics in interactive robotics, making them less…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path toward embodied intelligence, yet they often overlook the predictive and temporal-causal structure underlying visual dynamics. World-model VLAs address this by predicting future…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fuxiang Yang , Donglin Di , Lulu Tang , Xuancheng Zhang , Lei Fan , Hao Li , Chen Wei , Tonghua Su , Baorui Ma

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a powerful approach to training control policies for physical systems, such as robots, by combining end-to-end learning with transfer of semantic knowledge from web-scale vision-language model…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to predict robotic actions based on visual observations and language instructions. Existing approaches require fine-tuning pre-trained visionlanguage models (VLMs) as visual and language features are…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for building generalist robots. However, traditional VLA models that generate actions through flow matching (FM) typically rely on rigid and uniform time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuhua Jiang , Shuang Cheng , Yan Ding , Feifei Gao , Biqing Qi