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This paper addresses the problem of safety-critical control for non-affine control systems. It has been shown that optimizing quadratic costs subject to state and control constraints can be sub-optimally reduced to a sequence of quadratic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Wei Xiao , Ross Allen , Daniela Rus

Ensuring safety in dynamic multi-agent systems is challenging due to limited information about the other agents. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are showing promise for safety assurance but current methods make strong assumptions about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Luigi Berducci , Shuo Yang , Rahul Mangharam , Radu Grosu

In this paper, we introduce a new class of parameterized controllers, drawing inspiration from Model Predictive Control (MPC). The controller resembles a Quadratic Programming (QP) solver of a linear MPC problem, with the parameters of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-10 Yiwen Lu , Zishuo Li , Yihan Zhou , Na Li , Yilin Mo

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) each offer distinct advantages and limitations when applied to control problems in power and energy systems. Despite various studies on these methods, benchmarks remain lacking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Mohamad Fares El Hajj Chehade , Young-ho Cho , Sandeep Chinchali , Hao Zhu

Safe Reinforcement Learning (SafeRL) is the subfield of reinforcement learning that explicitly deals with safety constraints during the learning and deployment of agents. This survey provides a mathematically rigorous overview of SafeRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Preeti Lamba , Pawan Kumar

Control Barrier Functions offer safety certificates by dictating controllers that enforce safety constraints. However, their response depends on the classK function that is used to restrict the rate of change of the value of the barrier…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Hardik Parwana , Dimitra Panagou

In this paper we propose and compare methods for combining system identification (SYSID) and reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of data-driven model predictive control (MPC). Assuming a known model structure of the controlled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Andreas B. Martinsen , Anastasios M. Lekkas , Sebastien Gros

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful method for controlling dynamic systems, but its learning mechanism can lead to unpredictable actions that undermine the safety of critical systems. Here, we propose RL with Adaptive Regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Haozhe Tian , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Robert Shorten , Pietro Ferraro

The applicability of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in real-world domains often requires adherence to safety constraints, a need difficult to address given the asymptotic nature of the classic RL optimization objective. In contrast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Moritz A. Zanger , Karam Daaboul , J. Marius Zöllner

This paper studies the constrained/safe reinforcement learning (RL) problem with sparse indicator signals for constraint violations. We propose a model-based approach to enable RL agents to effectively explore the environment with unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Zuxin Liu , Hongyi Zhou , Baiming Chen , Sicheng Zhong , Martial Hebert , Ding Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been endowed with high expectations in tackling challenging manipulation tasks in an autonomous and self-directed fashion. Despite the significant strides made in the development of reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Zhenshan Bing , Aleksandr Mavrichev , Sicong Shen , Xiangtong Yao , Kejia Chen , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a structured and interpretable alternative to Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based RL methods, with lower computational complexity and greater transparency. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Hossein Nejatbakhsh Esfahani , Javad Mohammadpour Velni

This paper investigates the so-called reward-balancing methods, a novel class of algorithms for solving discounted-return reinforcement learning (RL) problems. These methods consist of iteratively adjusting the reward function to transform…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Simone Baroncini , Bahman Gharesifard , Giuseppe Notarstefano

In model-based reinforcement learning for safety-critical control systems, it is important to formally certify system properties (e.g., safety, stability) under the learned controller. However, as existing methods typically apply formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Yixuan Wang , Simon Zhan , Zhilu Wang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Learning-based control with safety guarantees usually requires real-time safety certification and modifications of possibly unsafe learning-based policies. The control barrier function (CBF) method uses a safety filter containing a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-25 Kanghui He , Shengling Shi , Ton van den Boom , Bart De Schutter

In this paper, we focus on the problem of robustifying reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with respect to model uncertainties. Indeed, in the framework of model-based RL, we propose to merge the theory of constrained Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Reazul Hasan Russel , Mouhacine Benosman , Jeroen Van Baar

Safety filters constructed from control barrier functions (CBFs) are commonly appended to pre-trained neural network controllers to enforce safety requirements. However, this decoupled design with hand-tuned, fixed CBF parameters often…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Yang Zhao , Jungeun Lee , Jeong hwan Jeon , Sze Zheng Yong

Reinforcement learning suffers from limitations in real practices primarily due to the number of required interactions with virtual environments. It results in a challenging problem because we are implausible to obtain a local optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Qizhen Wu , Kexin Liu , Lei Chen

We propose an adaptive Model Predictive Safety Certification (MPSC) scheme for learning-based control of linear systems with bounded disturbances and uncertain parameters where the true parameters are contained within an a priori known set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-30 Alexandre Didier , Kim P. Wabersich , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Spacecraft rendezvous and proximity operations (RPO) pose safety risks to high-value assets, so formal safety guarantees are critical. Yet conservative safety controllers can reduce mission efficiency. We propose a unified two-stage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Minduli Wijayatunga , Nathan Wallace , Salah Sukkarieh , Roberto Armellin