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The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Claude 3.5, underscores the need to distinguish LLM-generated text from human-written content to mitigate the spread of misinformation and misuse in education. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-11 Xingchi Li , Xiaochi Liu , Guanxun Li

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

Semantic segmentation is one of the basic, yet essential scene understanding tasks for an autonomous agent. The recent developments in supervised machine learning and neural networks have enjoyed great success in enhancing the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 S. Ehsan Mirsadeghi , Ali Royat , Hamid Rezatofighi

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for robust and generalizable detectors of machine-generated text. Existing benchmarks typically evaluate a single detector on a single dataset under ideal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Madhav S. Baidya , S. S. Baidya , Chirag Chawla

AI humanizers are a new class of online software tools meant to paraphrase and rewrite AI-generated text in a way that allows them to evade AI detection software. We study 19 AI humanizer and paraphrasing tools and qualitatively assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Elyas Masrour , Bradley Emi , Max Spero

The rapid growth of generative AI has introduced new challenges in content moderation and digital forensics. In particular, benign AI-generated images can be paired with harmful or misleading text, creating difficult-to-detect misuse. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xinlei Guan , David Arosemena , Tejaswi Dhandu , Kuan Huang , Meng Xu , Miles Q. Li , Bingyu Shen , Ruiyang Qin , Umamaheswara Rao Tida , Boyang Li

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

Adversarial examples pose a significant challenge to deep neural networks (DNNs) across both image and text domains, with the intent to degrade model performance through meticulously altered inputs. Adversarial texts, however, are distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Shakila Mahjabin Tonni , Pedro Faustini , Mark Dras

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Attackers create adversarial text to deceive both human perception and the current AI systems to perform malicious purposes such as spam product reviews and fake political posts. We investigate the difference between the adversarial and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son , Tran Phuong Thao , Seira Hidano , Shinsaku Kiyomoto

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized text generation, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between human- and AI-generated content. This poses a significant challenge to academic integrity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Tatiana Batura , Elena Bruches , Milana Shvenk , Valentin Malykh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily fooled by adversarial attacks during inference phase when attackers add imperceptible perturbations to original examples, i.e., adversarial examples. Many works focus on adversarial detection and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Zhongyi Guo , Keji Han , Yao Ge , Wei Ji , Yun Li

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating text that closely resembles human writing across wide range of styles and genres. However, such capabilities are prone to potential abuse, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Harika Abburi , Kalyani Roy , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

Authorship analysis (AA) is the study of unveiling the hidden properties of authors from a body of exponentially exploding textual data. It extracts an author's identity and sociolinguistic characteristics based on the reflected writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Steven H. H. Ding , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Farkhund Iqbal , William K. Cheung

The recent large-scale emergence of LLMs has left an open space for dealing with their consequences, such as plagiarism or the spread of false information on the Internet. Coupling this with the rise of AI detector bypassing tools, reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Andrii Shportko , Inessa Verbitsky

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about reliably detecting AI-generated text. Stylometric metrics work well on autoregressive (AR) outputs, but their effectiveness on diffusion-based models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 İsmail Tarım , Aytuğ Onan

Numerous techniques have been proposed for generating adversarial examples in white-box settings under strict Lp-norm constraints. However, such norm-bounded examples often fail to align well with human perception, and only a few methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Abdullah Al Nomaan Nafi , Habibur Rahaman , Zafaryab Haider , Tanzim Mahfuz , Fnu Suya , Swarup Bhunia , Prabuddha Chakraborty

The detection and grounding of multimedia manipulation has emerged as a critical challenge in combating AI-generated disinformation. While existing methods have made progress in recent years, we identify two fundamental limitations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yuchen Zhang , Yaxiong Wang , Yujiao Wu , Lianwei Wu , Li Zhu , Zhedong Zheng
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