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Recent advances align diffusion models with human preferences to increase aesthetic appeal and mitigate artifacts and biases. Such methods aim to maximize a conditional output distribution aligned with higher rewards whilst not drifting far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ratnavibusena Don Shahain Manujith , Teoh Tze Tzun , Kenji Kawaguchi , Yang Zhang

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have achieved great success in fine-tuning diffusion-based generative models. However, fine-tuning continuous flow-based generative models to align with arbitrary user-defined reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiajun Fan , Shuaike Shen , Chaoran Cheng , Yuxin Chen , Chumeng Liang , Ge Liu

Diffusion models have transformed image synthesis by establishing unprecedented quality and creativity benchmarks. Nevertheless, their large-scale deployment faces challenges due to computationally intensive iterative denoising processes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Songwei Liu , Chao Zeng , Chenqian Yan , Xurui Peng , Xing Wang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for generative modeling, demonstrating exceptional capability in capturing target data distributions from large datasets. However, fine-tuning these massive models for specific downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yinbin Han , Meisam Razaviyayn , Renyuan Xu

Feature Transformation (FT) crafts new features from original ones via mathematical operations to enhance dataset expressiveness for downstream models. However, existing FT methods exhibit critical limitations: discrete search struggles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nanxu Gong , Zijun Li , Sixun Dong , Haoyue Bai , Wangyang Ying , Xinyuan Wang , Yanjie Fu

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Diffusion models excel at capturing complex data distributions, such as those of natural images and proteins. While diffusion models are trained to represent the distribution in the training dataset, we often are more concerned with other…

Diffusionmodels(DMs)havedemonstratedremarkableachievements in synthesizing images of high fidelity and diversity. However, the extensive computational requirements and slow generative speed of diffusion models have limited their widespread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jiaojiao Ye , Zhen Wang , Linnan Jiang

Reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to scale to large, combinatorial action spaces common in many real-world problems. This paper introduces a novel framework for training discrete diffusion models as highly effective policies in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haitong Ma , Ofir Nabati , Aviv Rosenberg , Bo Dai , Oran Lang , Craig Boutilier , Na Li , Shie Mannor , Lior Shani , Guy Tenneholtz

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) dipole inversion is an ill-posed inverse problem for quantifying magnetic susceptibility distributions from MRI tissue phases. While supervised deep learning methods have shown success in specific…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-22 Zhuang Xiong , Wei Jiang , Yang Gao , Feng Liu , Hongfu Sun

One of the key challenges that Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces is its limited capability to adapt to a change of data distribution caused by uncertainties. This challenge arises especially in RL systems using deep neural networks as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amornyos Horprasert , Esa Apriaskar , Xingyu Liu , Lanlan Su , Lyudmila S. Mihaylova

Recent research has shown that fine-tuning diffusion models (DMs) with arbitrary rewards, including non-differentiable ones, is feasible with reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, enabling flexible model alignment. However, applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhiwei Jia , Yuesong Nan , Huixi Zhao , Gengdai Liu

Blind face restoration (BFR) is important while challenging. Prior works prefer to exploit GAN-based frameworks to tackle this task due to the balance of quality and efficiency. However, these methods suffer from poor stability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Xinmin Qiu , Congying Han , Zicheng Zhang , Bonan Li , Tiande Guo , Xuecheng Nie

Imitation learning, particularly Diffusion Policies based methods, has recently gained significant traction in embodied AI as a powerful approach to action policy generation. These models efficiently generate action policies by learning to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haiyong Yu , Yanqiong Jin , Yonghao He , Wei Sui

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in sequential decision-making by leveraging the highly expressive model capabilities in policy learning. A central problem for learning diffusion policies is to align the policy output with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhao Shan , Chenyou Fan , Shuang Qiu , Jiyuan Shi , Chenjia Bai

This tutorial provides an in-depth guide on inference-time guidance and alignment methods for optimizing downstream reward functions in diffusion models. While diffusion models are renowned for their generative modeling capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Chenyu Wang , Xiner Li , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Tommaso Biancalani

Distortion Risk Measures (DRMs) capture risk preferences in decision-making and serve as general criteria for managing uncertainty. This paper proposes gradient descent algorithms for DRM optimization based on two dual representations: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jinyang Jiang , Bernd Heidergott , Jiaqiao Hu , Yijie Peng

Distillation addresses the slow sampling problem in diffusion models by creating models with smaller size or fewer steps that approximate the behavior of high-step teachers. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Amirhossein Tighkhorshid , Zahra Dehghanian , Gholamali Aminian , Chengchun Shi , Hamid R. Rabiee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), which aims to learn an optimal policy using a previously collected static dataset, is an important paradigm of RL. Standard RL methods often perform poorly in this regime due to the function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhendong Wang , Jonathan J Hunt , Mingyuan Zhou

The practical deployment of diffusion models is still hindered by the high memory and computational overhead. Although quantization paves a way for model compression and acceleration, existing methods face challenges in achieving low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haoxuan Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Zhihang Yuan , Junyi Wu , Junchi Yan , Yan Yan