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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown remarkable performance on challenging questions, such as math and coding. However, to obtain a high quality solution, one may need to sample more than once. In principal, there are two sampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiangming Gu , Soham De , Larisa Markeeva , Petar Veličković , Razvan Pascanu

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. To improve their ability to solve complex problems requiring multi-step reasoning, recent research leverages process reward modeling to provide fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning capabilities, enabling flexible utilization of limited historical information to play pivotal roles in reasoning, problem-solving, and complex pattern recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhonglin Jiang , Qian Tang , Zequn Wang

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

Intermediate Representations (IRs) play a critical role in compiler design and program analysis, yet their comprehension by Large Language Models (LLMs) remains underexplored. In this paper, we present an explorative empirical study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Hailong Jiang , Jianfeng Zhu , Yao Wan , Bo Fang , Hongyu Zhang , Ruoming Jin , Qiang Guan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key technique for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), with policy-gradient algorithms dominating the post-training stage because of their efficiency and effectiveness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Chang Tian , Matthew B. Blaschko , Mingzhe Xing , Xiuxing Li , Yinliang Yue , Marie-Francine Moens

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) innovations are being introduced at such a rapid pace that model owners and evaluators are hard-pressed analyzing and studying them. This is exacerbated by the complicated procedures for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Abdul Dakkak , Cheng Li , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-Mei Hwu

Large language models offer new ways of empowering people to program robot applications-namely, code generation via prompting. However, the code generated by LLMs is susceptible to errors. This work reports a preliminary exploration that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Juo-Tung Chen , Chien-Ming Huang

Today's pursuit of a single Large Language Model (LMM) for all software engineering tasks is resource-intensive and overlooks the potential benefits of complementarity, where different models contribute unique strengths. However, the degree…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fernando Vallecillos-Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Protein sequences are abundant in repeating segments, both as exact copies and as approximate segments with mutations. These repeats are important for protein structure and function, motivating decades of algorithmic work on repeat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gal Pomerants , Yaniv Nikankin , Anja Reusch , Tomer Tsaban , Ora Schueler-Furman , Yonatan Belinkov

Repetition curse is a phenomenon where Large Language Models (LLMs) generate repetitive sequences of tokens or cyclic sequences. While the repetition curse has been widely observed, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Shuxun Wang , Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Qiang Zhang , Linyi Yang

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

This study examined code issue detection and revision automation by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4o into software development workflows. A static code analysis framework detects issues such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Seyed Moein Abtahi , Akramul Azim

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are increasingly applied to scientific research, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably understand and reason over the multimodal complexity of papers. A central challenge lies in detecting and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lukas Selch , Yufang Hou , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Sivan Doveh , James Glass , Rogerio Feris , Wei Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) transform artificial intelligence, driving advancements in natural language understanding, text generation, and autonomous systems. The increasing complexity of their development and deployment introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shenao Wang , Yanjie Zhao , Zhao Liu , Quanchen Zou , Haoyu Wang

Code generation aims to automatically generate code from input requirements, significantly enhancing development efficiency. Recent large language models (LLMs) based approaches have shown promising results and revolutionized code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ziyao Zhang , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

In recent years, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing (NLP), with generative models opening new possibilities for tasks that require context-aware text generation. Requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waad Alhoshan , Alessio Ferrari , Liping Zhao

Unit testing plays a pivotal role in software development, improving software quality and reliability. However, generating effective test cases manually is time-consuming, prompting interest in unit testing research. Recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ye Shang , Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of consistency and reproducibility in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs in finance and accounting research. We evaluate how consistently LLMs produce outputs given identical inputs…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-16 Julian Junyan Wang , Victor Xiaoqi Wang