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As AI becomes fundamental in sectors like healthcare, explainable AI (XAI) tools are essential for trust and transparency. However, traditional user studies used to evaluate these tools are often costly, time consuming, and difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Francesco Bombassei De Bona , Gabriele Dominici , Tim Miller , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), there is a pressing need for a comprehensive evaluation suite to assess their capabilities and limitations. Existing LLM leaderboards often reference scores reported in other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Shen Zheng , Yuyu Zhang , Yijie Zhu , Chenguang Xi , Pengyang Gao , Xun Zhou , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Evaluating UX in the context of AI's complexity, unpredictability, and generative nature presents unique challenges. How can we support HCI researchers to create comprehensive UX evaluation plans? In this paper, we introduce EvAlignUX, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Qingxiao Zheng , Minrui Chen , Pranav Sharma , Yiliu Tang , Mehul Oswal , Yiren Liu , Yun Huang

Personalized user understanding from large-scale digital traces remains a fundamental challenge. Traditional user profiling methods rely on discriminative models and manual feature engineering to predict discrete attributes, often producing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yunyi Xuan , Hao Yi , Fengling Mao , Daye Cai , Leikun Liang , Xingsheng He , Jiangnan Xie , Guoshuai Wang , Yushan Han , Wenwen Guo , Xiaoxiao Xu , Lin Qu

This paper explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) as reliable analytical tools in linguistic research, focusing on the emergence of affective meanings in temporal expressions involving manner-of-motion verbs. While LLMs like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Rosa Illan Castillo , Javier Valenzuela

The use of large language models to assess user states in conversational and adaptive systems is based on the assumption that the metrics used for such assessment are stable and interpretable at the level of individual scores. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Izabella Krzeminska , Michal Butkiewicz , Ewa Komkowska

Thematic analysis provides valuable insights into participants' experiences through coding and theme development, but its resource-intensive nature limits its use in large healthcare studies. Large language models (LLMs) can analyze text at…

Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks; however, how to comprehensively and accurately assess their performance becomes an urgent issue to be addressed. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiaotian Zhang , Chunyang Li , Yi Zong , Zhengyu Ying , Liang He , Xipeng Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in data-constrained scientific workflows, where correctness and validity are critical. However, evaluation practices often emphasize stability or reproducibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nazia Riasat

A Large Language Model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system that has been trained on vast amounts of natural language data, enabling it to generate human-like responses to written or spoken language input. GPT-3.5 is an example of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gaurav Suri , Lily R. Slater , Ali Ziaee , Morgan Nguyen

Humanitarian organizations face a critical choice: invest in costly commercial APIs or rely on free open-weight models for multilingual human rights monitoring. While commercial systems offer reliability, open-weight alternatives lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Poli Nemkova , Amrit Adhikari , Matthew Pearson , Vamsi Krishna Sadu , Mark V. Albert

With Large Language Models (LLMs) being widely used across various tasks, detecting errors in their responses is increasingly crucial. However, little research has been conducted on error detection of LLM responses. Collecting error…

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have rapidly penetrated into people's work and daily lives over the past few years, due to their extraordinary conversational skills and intelligence. ChatGPT has become the fastest-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxuan Wang

With the rising human-like precision of Large Language Models (LLMs) in numerous tasks, their utilization in a variety of real-world applications is becoming more prevalent. Several studies have shown that LLMs excel on many standard NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Rishav Hada , Varun Gumma , Mohamed Ahmed , Kalika Bali , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in academic writing practices. Although numerous studies have explored how researchers employ these tools for scientific writing, their concrete implementation, limitations, and design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Brenda Nogueira , Werner Geyer , Andrew Anderson , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Dongwhi Kim , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V. Chawla

Context: ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) are widely used across healthcare, business, economics, engineering, and software engineering (SE). Despite their popularity, concerns persist about their reliability, especially their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Vahid Garousi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of leveraging large language models (LLMs) to automate or otherwise assist human raters with identifying harmful content including hate speech, harassment, violent extremism, and election…

Formal verification can provably guarantee the correctness of critical system software, but the high proof burden has long hindered its wide adoption. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in code analysis and synthesis.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Jianan Yao , Ziqiao Zhou , Weiteng Chen , Weidong Cui

Novice programmers benefit from timely, personalized support that addresses individual learning gaps, yet the availability of instructors and teaching assistants is inherently limited. Large language models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Griffin Pitts , Anurata Prabha Hridi , Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan