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In the 1970s, O'Keefe and Dostrovsky discovered that certain neurons, called place cells, in an animal's brain are tied to its location within its arena. A combinatorial neural code is a collection of $0/1$-vectors which encode the patterns…

We describe the combinatorics of equilibria and steady states of neurons in threshold-linear networks that satisfy Dale's law. The combinatorial code of a Dale network is characterized in terms of two conditions: (i) a condition on the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-07 Nikola Milićević , Vladimir Itskov

How does the brain encode spatial structure? One way is through hippocampal neurons called place cells, which become associated to convex regions of space known as their receptive fields: each place cell fires at a high rate precisely when…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-12-20 Caitlin Lienkaemper , Anne Shiu , Zev Woodstock

Shannon's seminal 1948 work gave rise to two distinct areas of research: information theory and mathematical coding theory. While information theory has had a strong influence on theoretical neuroscience, ideas from mathematical coding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-02-25 Carina Curto , Vladimir Itskov , Katherine Morrison , Zachary Roth , Judy L. Walker

We investigate combinatorial, topological and algebraic properties of certain classes of neural codes. We look into a conjecture that states if the minimal \textit{open convex} embedding dimension of a neural code is two then its minimal…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-21 Neha Gupta , Suhith K N

Place cells are neurons that act as biological position sensors, associated with and firing in response to regions of an environment to situate an organism in space. These associations are recorded in (combinatorial) neural codes,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Saber Ahmed , Natasha Crepeau , Gisel Flores , Osiano Isekenegbe , Deanna Perez , Anne Shiu

We introduce the factor complex of a neural code, and show how intervals and maximal codewords are captured by the combinatorics of factor complexes. We use these results to obtain algebraic and combinatorial characterizations of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Alexander Ruys de Perez , Laura Felicia Matusevich , Anne Shiu

A major area in neuroscience research is the study of how the brain processes spatial information. Neurons in the brain represent external stimuli via neural codes. These codes often arise from stereotyped stimulus-response maps,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-03 Ethan Petersen , Nora Youngs , Ryan Kruse , Dane Miyata , Rebecca Garcia , Luis David Garcia Puente

A convex code is a binary code generated by the pattern of intersections of a collection of open convex sets in some Euclidean space. Convex codes are relevant to neuroscience as they arise from the activity of neurons that have convex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-10 Carina Curto , Elizabeth Gross , Jack Jeffries , Katherine Morrison , Zvi Rosen , Anne Shiu , Nora Youngs

Based on the theoretical neuroscience, G. Cotardo and A. Ravagnavi in \cite{CR} introduced a kind of asymmetric binary codes called combinatorial neural codes (CN codes for short), with a "matched metric" $\delta_{r}$ called asymmetric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Aixian Zhang , Xiaoyan Jin , Keqin Feng

It is often hypothesized that a crucial role for recurrent connections in the brain is to constrain the set of possible response patterns, thereby shaping the neural code. This implies the existence of neural codes that cannot arise solely…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-15 Chad Giusti , Vladimir Itskov

We introduce new geometric and combinatorial criteria that preclude a neural code from being convex, and use them to tackle the classification problem for codes on six neurons. Along the way, we give the first example of a code that is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-16 Laura Matusevich , Alexander Ruys de Perez , Anne Shiu

A neural code on $ n $ neurons is a collection of subsets of the set $ [n]=\{1,2,\dots,n\} $. In this paper, we study some properties of graphs of neural codes. In particular, we study codeword containment graph (CCG) given by Chan et al.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Suhith K N , Neha Gupta

Combinatorial generalization - the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of already familiar elements - is considered to be a core capacity of the human mind and a major challenge to neural network models. A significant body…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ivan Vankov , Jeffrey Bowers

We study the open, closed, and non-degenerate embedding dimensions of neural codes, which are the smallest respective dimensions in which one can find a realization of a code consisting of convex sets that are open, closed, or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-13 R. Amzi Jeffs

Artificial and biological neural networks (ANNs and BNNs) can encode inputs in the form of combinations of individual neurons' activities. These combinatorial neural codes present a computational challenge for direct and efficient analysis…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Thomas F Burns , Irwansyah

This article extends the combinatorial approach to support the determination of contextuality amidst causal influences. Contextuality is an active field of study in Quantum Cognition, in systems relating to mental phenomena, such as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-17 Abdul Karim Obeid , Peter Bruza , Catarina Moreira , Axel Bruns , Daniel Angus

Recent research has proposed neural architectures for solving combinatorial problems in structured output spaces. In many such problems, there may exist multiple solutions for a given input, e.g. a partially filled Sudoku puzzle may have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yatin Nandwani , Deepanshu Jindal , Mausam , Parag Singla

The "neural code" is the way the brain characterizes, stores, and processes information. Unraveling the neural code is a key goal of mathematical neuroscience. Topology, coding theory, and, recently, commutative algebra are some the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Sema Gunturkun , Jack Jeffries , Jeffrey Sun

Neural codes are binary codes in $\{0,1\}^n$; here we focus on the ones which represent the firing patterns of a type of neurons called place cells. There is much interest in determining which neural codes can be realized by a collection of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-09 Molly Hoch , Samuel Muthiah , Nida Obatake