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Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) typically rely on a probabilistic decoder with a predefined likelihood, most commonly an isotropic Gaussian, to model the data conditional on latent variables. While convenient for optimization, this choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-29 Chen Xu , Qiang Wang , Lijun Sun

Generative AutoEncoders require a chosen probability distribution in latent space, usually multivariate Gaussian. The original Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) uses randomness in encoder - causing problematic distortion, and overlaps in latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Jarek Duda

Deep learning (DL) methods where interpretability is intrinsically considered as part of the model are required to better understand the relationship of clinical and imaging-based attributes with DL outcomes, thus facilitating their use in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Irem Cetin , Maialen Stephens , Oscar Camara , Miguel Angel Gonzalez Ballester

Recently, probabilistic predictive coding that directly models the conditional distribution of latent features across successive frames for temporal redundancy removal has yielded promising results. Existing methods using a single-scale…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Ming Lu , Zhihao Duan , Fengqing Zhu , Zhan Ma

Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are capable of learning latent representations for high dimensional data. However, due to the i.i.d. assumption, VAEs only optimize the singleton variational distributions and fail to account for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Da Tang , Dawen Liang , Tony Jebara , Nicholas Ruozzi

Learning disentangled representations of real-world data is a challenging open problem. Most previous methods have focused on either supervised approaches which use attribute labels or unsupervised approaches that manipulate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Vikash Balasubramanian , Ivan Kobyzev , Hareesh Bahuleyan , Ilya Shapiro , Olga Vechtomova

Variational Auto-encoders (VAEs) have been very successful as methods for forming compressed latent representations of complex, often high-dimensional, data. In this paper, we derive an alternative variational lower bound from the one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Shuyu Lin , Ronald Clark , Robert Birke , Niki Trigoni , Stephen Roberts

Denoising autoencoders (DAE) are trained to reconstruct their clean inputs with noise injected at the input level, while variational autoencoders (VAE) are trained with noise injected in their stochastic hidden layer, with a regularizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-05 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Sungjin Ahn , Roland Memisevic , Yoshua Bengio

A variational autoencoder (VAE) is a probabilistic machine learning framework for posterior inference that projects an input set of high-dimensional data to a lower-dimensional, latent space. The latent space learned with a VAE offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Rafael Pastrana

An implicit goal in works on deep generative models is that such models should be able to generate novel examples that were not previously seen in the training data. In this paper, we investigate to what extent this property holds for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Alican Bozkurt , Babak Esmaeili , Dana H. Brooks , Jennifer G. Dy , Jan-Willem van de Meent

While mel-spectrograms have been widely utilized as intermediate representations in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), their inherent redundancy leads to inefficiency in learning text-speech alignment. Compact VAE-based latent representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Zhikang Niu , Shujie Hu , Jeongsoo Choi , Yushen Chen , Peining Chen , Pengcheng Zhu , Yunting Yang , Bowen Zhang , Jian Zhao , Chunhui Wang , Xie Chen

Traditional Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are constrained by the limitations of the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) formulation, particularly when utilizing simplistic, non-analytic, or unknown prior distributions. These limitations inhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Fotios Lygerakis , Elmar Rueckert

Deep state-space models (DSSMs) enable temporal predictions by learning the underlying dynamics of observed sequence data. They are often trained by maximising the evidence lower bound. However, as we show, this does not ensure the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Alexej Klushyn , Richard Kurle , Maximilian Soelch , Botond Cseke , Patrick van der Smagt

We make a minimal, but very effective alteration to the VAE model. This is about a drop-in replacement for the (sample-dependent) approximate posterior to change it from the standard white Gaussian with diagonal covariance to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Sohrab Ferdowsi , Maurits Diephuis , Shideh Rezaeifar , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and communication has been recognized as a key pillar of 6G and beyond networks. In line with AI-native 6G vision, explainability and robustness in AI-driven systems are critical for establishing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Nasir Khan , Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Ahmed M. Eltawil , Sinem Coleri

Recent studies show that advanced priors play a major role in deep generative models. Exemplar VAE, as a variant of VAE with an exemplar-based prior, has achieved impressive results. However, due to the nature of model design, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Qingzhong Ai , Lirong He , Shiyu Liu , Zenglin Xu

Fair and unbiased machine learning is an important and active field of research, as decision processes are increasingly driven by models that learn from data. Unfortunately, any biases present in the data may be learned by the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

A new form of variational autoencoder (VAE) is developed, in which the joint distribution of data and codes is considered in two (symmetric) forms: ($i$) from observed data fed through the encoder to yield codes, and ($ii$) from latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yunchen Pu , Weiyao Wang , Ricardo Henao , Liqun Chen , Zhe Gan , Chunyuan Li , Lawrence Carin

Among likelihood-based approaches for deep generative modelling, variational autoencoders (VAEs) offer scalable amortized posterior inference and fast sampling. However, VAEs are also more and more outperformed by competing models such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

Deep generative models have demonstrated their effectiveness in learning latent representation and modeling complex dependencies of time series. In this paper, we present a Smoothness-Inducing Sequential Variational Auto-Encoder (SISVAE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Longyuan Li , Junchi Yan , Haiyang Wang , Yaohui Jin