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This technical report details a novel approach to combining reasoning and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) within a single, lean language model architecture. While existing RAG systems typically rely on large-scale models and external…

Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from text generators into powerful problem solvers. Yet, many open tasks demand critical thinking, multi-source, and verifiable outputs, which are beyond single-shot prompting or standard…

This paper presents a novel approach for unified retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems using the recent emerging large language model (LLM) agent concept. Specifically, Agent LLM, which utilizes LLM as fundamental controllers, has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hoang Pham , Thuy-Duong Nguyen , Khac-Hoai Nam Bui

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems has enabled the creation of dynamic, open-ended Role-Playing Agents (RPAs). However, evaluating these agents remains a significant challenge, as standard NLP metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Riccardo Rosati , Edoardo Colucci , Massimiliano Bolognini , Adriano Mancini , Paolo Sernani

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled deep research systems that synthesize comprehensive, report-style answers to open-ended queries by combining retrieval, reasoning, and generation. Yet most frameworks rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lin Ai , Victor S. Bursztyn , Xiang Chen , Julia Hirschberg , Saayan Mitra

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) generate citation-rich reports via multi-step search and synthesis, yet existing benchmarks mainly target text-only settings or short-form multimodal QA, missing end-to-end multimodal evidence use. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peizhou Huang , Zixuan Zhong , Zhongwei Wan , Donghao Zhou , Samiul Alam , Xin Wang , Zexin Li , Zhihao Dou , Li Zhu , Jing Xiong , Chaofan Tao , Yan Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tuo Zhang , Mi Zhang

Model-based reasoning agents are ill-equipped to act in novel situations in which their model of the environment no longer sufficiently represents the world. We propose HYDRA - a framework for designing model-based agents operating in mixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Shiwali Mohan , Wiktor Piotrowski , Roni Stern , Sachin Grover , Sookyung Kim , Jacob Le , Johan De Kleer

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Complex information needs in real-world search scenarios demand deep reasoning and knowledge synthesis across diverse sources, which traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines struggle to address effectively. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jiajie Jin , Xiaoxi Li , Guanting Dong , Yuyao Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Yang Zhao , Hongjin Qian , Zhicheng Dou

Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

Current state-of-the-art large language models are effective in generating high-quality text and encapsulating a broad spectrum of world knowledge. These models, however, often hallucinate and lack locally relevant factual data.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anton Shapkin , Denis Litvinov , Yaroslav Zharov , Egor Bogomolov , Timur Galimzyanov , Timofey Bryksin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to ground large language models in external knowledge sources. However, when applied to heterogeneous corpora and multi-step queries, Naive RAG pipelines often degrade in quality due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Valeriy Kovalskiy , Nikita Belov , Nikita Miteyko , Igor Reshetnikov , Max Maximov

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has driven the development of agentic systems capable of autonomously performing complex tasks. Despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs remain constrained by their internal knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenlin Zhang , Xiaopeng Li , Yingyi Zhang , Pengyue Jia , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Yong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and its graph-based extensions (GraphRAG) are effective paradigms for improving large language model (LLM) reasoning by grounding generation in external knowledge. However, most existing RAG and GraphRAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dongzhe Fan , Zheyi Xue , Siyuan Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

Inspired by advances in LLMs, reasoning-enhanced sequential recommendation performs multi-step deliberation before making final predictions, unlocking greater potential for capturing user preferences. However, current methods are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yifan Shao , Peilin Zhou , Shoujin Wang , Weizhi Zhang , Xu Cai , Sunghun Kim

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational paradigm for equipping large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, playing a critical role in information retrieval and knowledge-intensive applications. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Jingtao Zhan , Qian Dong , Yiqun Liu

Parameter efficient adaptation methods have become a key mechanism to train large pre-trained models for downstream tasks. However, their per-task parameter overhead is considered still high when the number of downstream tasks to adapt for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Youzheng Chen , Khe Chai Sim , Fadi Biadsy , Tara Sainath , Pedro Moreno Mengibar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely employed to mitigate risks such as hallucinations and knowledge obsolescence in medical question answering, yet its predominantly single-round, static retrieval paradigm misaligns with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yongfeng Huang , Ruiying Chen , James Cheng