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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

The primary obstacle for applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world robotics is the design of effective reward functions. While recently learning-based Process Reward Models (PRMs) are a promising direction, they are often hindered…

Imitation learning and world models have shown significant promise in advancing generalizable robotic learning, with robotic grasping remaining a critical challenge for achieving precise manipulation. Existing methods often rely heavily on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yiqi Huang , Travis Davies , Jiahuan Yan , Xiang Chen , Yu Tian , Luhui Hu

World models simulate dynamic environments, enabling agents to interact with diverse input modalities. Although recent advances have improved the visual quality and temporal consistency of video world models, their ability of accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Ye , Tianyu He , Shuo Yang , Jiang Bian

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach for robot learning. However, model-free RL (MFRL) requires a large number of environment interactions to learn successful control policies. This is due to the noisy RL training updates and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Maria Krinner , Elie Aljalbout , Angel Romero , Davide Scaramuzza

Often times in imitation learning (IL), the environment we collect expert demonstrations in and the environment we want to deploy our learned policy in aren't exactly the same (e.g. demonstrations collected in simulation but deployment in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Silvia Sapora , Gokul Swamy , Chris Lu , Yee Whye Teh , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have…

Learning generalist embodied agents, able to solve multitudes of tasks in different domains is a long-standing problem. Reinforcement learning (RL) is hard to scale up as it requires a complex reward design for each task. In contrast,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt , Aaron Courville , Sai Rajeswar

World models predict state transitions in response to actions and are increasingly developed across diverse modalities. However, standard training objectives such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) often misalign with task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jialong Wu , Shaofeng Yin , Ningya Feng , Mingsheng Long

Recently, video-based world models that learn to simulate the dynamics have gained increasing attention in robot learning. However, current approaches primarily emphasize visual generative quality while overlooking physical fidelity,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Baorui Peng , Wenyao Zhang , Liang Xu , Zekun Qi , Jiazhao Zhang , Hongsi Liu , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Learning robust and generalizable world models is crucial for enabling efficient and scalable robotic control in real-world environments. In this work, we introduce a novel framework for learning world models that accurately capture…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chenhao Li , Andreas Krause , Marco Hutter

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is a crucial approach to enhance the generalization capabilities and improve the sample efficiency of RL algorithms. However, current MBRL methods focus primarily on building world models for single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xuantang Xiong , Ni Mu , Runpeng Xie , Senhao Yang , Yaqing Wang , Lexiang Wang , Yao Luan , Siyuan Li , Shuang Xu , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

Evaluating robot control policies is difficult: real-world testing is costly, and handcrafted simulators require manual effort to improve in realism and generality. We propose a world-model-based policy evaluation environment (WorldGym), an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Julian Quevedo , Ansh Kumar Sharma , Yixiang Sun , Varad Suryavanshi , Percy Liang , Sherry Yang

We propose RLAnything, a reinforcement learning framework that dynamically forges environment, policy, and reward models through closed-loop optimization, amplifying learning signals and strengthening the overall RL system for any LLM or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinjie Wang , Tianbao Xie , Ke Shen , Mengdi Wang , Ling Yang

In classic Reinforcement Learning (RL), the agent maximizes an additive objective of the visited states, e.g., a value function. Unfortunately, objectives of this type cannot model many real-world applications such as experiment design,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Riccardo De Santi , Manish Prajapat , Andreas Krause

In order for autonomous mobile robots to navigate in human spaces, they must abide by our social norms. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective method to train sequential decision-making policies that are able to respect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Adam Sigal , Hsiu-Chin Lin , AJung Moon

World models have become indispensable tools for embodied intelligence, serving as powerful simulators capable of generating realistic robotic videos while addressing critical data scarcity challenges. However, current embodied world models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yu Shang , Xin Zhang , Yinzhou Tang , Lei Jin , Chen Gao , Wei Wu , Yong Li

Humans are masters at quickly learning many complex tasks, relying on an approximate understanding of the dynamics of their environments. In much the same way, we would like our learning agents to quickly adapt to new tasks. In this paper,…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications in real-world scenarios must prioritize safety and reliability, which impose strict constraints on agent behavior. Model-based RL leverages predictive world models for action planning and policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Artem Latyshev , Gregory Gorbov , Aleksandr I. Panov
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