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World models aim to learn action-controlled future prediction and have proven essential for the development of intelligent agents. However, most existing world models rely heavily on substantial action-labeled data and costly training,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shenyuan Gao , Siyuan Zhou , Yilun Du , Jun Zhang , Chuang Gan

Pre-trained foundation models (FMs) have shown exceptional performance in univariate time series forecasting tasks. However, several practical challenges persist, including managing intricate dependencies among features and quantifying…

Effective robotic manipulation requires policies that can anticipate physical outcomes and adapt to real-world environments. Effective robotic manipulation requires policies that can anticipate physical outcomes and adapt to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ge Yuan , Qiyuan Qiao , Jing Zhang , Dong Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but their reliance on expert demonstrations limits their ability to learn from failures and perform self-corrections. Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fangqi Zhu , Zhengyang Yan , Zicong Hong , Quanxin Shou , Xiao Ma , Song Guo

World Models (WMs) have emerged as a promising approach for post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies to improve robustness and generalization under environmental changes. However, most WM-based post-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 An Dinh Vuong , Tuan Van Vo , Abdullah Sohail , Haoran Ding , Liang Ma , Xiaodan Liang , Anqing Duan , Ivan Laptev , Ian Reid

Vision-language-action (VLA) models that directly predict multi-step action chunks from current observations face inherent limitations due to constrained scene understanding and weak future anticipation capabilities. In contrast, video…

Robot action planning in the real world is challenging as it requires not only understanding the current state of the environment but also predicting how it will evolve in response to actions. Vision-language-action (VLA), which repurpose…

While reinforcement learning from scratch has shown impressive results in solving sequential decision-making tasks with efficient simulators, real-world applications with expensive interactions require more sample-efficient agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Remo Sasso , Michelangelo Conserva , Dominik Jeurissen , Paulo Rauber

The performance of learned robot visuomotor policies is heavily dependent on the size and quality of the training dataset. Although large-scale robot and human datasets are increasingly available, embodiment gaps and mismatched action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yiqi Wang , Mrinal Verghese , Jeff Schneider

The generalization of vision-language-action (VLA) models heavily relies on diverse training data. However, acquiring large-scale data for robot manipulation across varied object appearances is costly and labor-intensive. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhehao Dong , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Yirui Wang , Yang Wang , Yukun Zhou , Boyuan Wang , Chaojun Ni , Runqi Ouyang , Wenkang Qin , Xinze Chen , Yun Ye , Guan Huang , Zhen Lu , Yue Yang

World model based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for autonomous driving, which learns a latent dynamics model and uses it to train a planning policy. To speed up the learning process, the pretrain-finetune…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hang Wang , Xin Ye , Feng Tao , Chenbin Pan , Abhirup Mallik , Burhaneddin Yaman , Liu Ren , Junshan Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to unlock capabilities beyond imitation learning for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, but its requirement for massive real-world interaction prevents direct deployment on physical robots. Recent work…

Latent World Models enhance scene representation through temporal self-supervised learning, presenting a perception annotation-free paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, the reconstruction-oriented representation learning…

While recent advances in machine learning have equipped Weather Foundation Models (WFMs) with substantial generalization capabilities across diverse downstream tasks, the escalating computational requirements associated with their expanding…

Robotic manipulation policies are commonly initialized through imitation learning, but their performance is limited by the scarcity and narrow coverage of expert data. Reinforcement learning can refine polices to alleviate this limitation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhennan Jiang , Kai Liu , Yuxin Qin , Shuai Tian , Yupeng Zheng , Mingcai Zhou , Chao Yu , Haoran Li , Dongbin Zhao

World Action Models (WAMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for robot control by modeling physical dynamics. Current WAMs generally follow two paradigms: the "Imagine-then-Execute" approach, which uses video prediction to infer actions…

Deploying learned control policies in real-world environments poses a fundamental challenge. When system dynamics change unexpectedly, performance degrades until models are retrained on new data. We introduce Reflexive World Models (RWM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Carlos Stein Brito , Daniel McNamee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable embodied decision-making but rely heavily on imitation learning, leading to compounding errors and poor robustness under distribution shift. Reinforcement learning (RL) can mitigate these issues…

With the increasing availability of open-source robotic data, imitation learning has become a promising approach for both manipulation and locomotion. Diffusion models are now widely used to train large, generalized policies that predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shashank Hegde , Satyajeet Das , Gautam Salhotra , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Much of model-based reinforcement learning involves learning a model of an agent's world, and training an agent to leverage this model to perform a task more efficiently. While these models are demonstrably useful for agents, every…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-01 C. Daniel Freeman , Luke Metz , David Ha
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