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Gorman and Bedrick (2019) argued for using random splits rather than standard splits in NLP experiments. We argue that random splits, like standard splits, lead to overly optimistic performance estimates. We can also split data in biased or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Anders Søgaard , Sebastian Ebert , Jasmijn Bastings , Katja Filippova

Multi-stage (designed) procedures, obtained by splitting the sampling budget suitably across stages, and designing the sampling at a particular stage based on information about the parameter obtained from previous stages, are often…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-01-08 Atul Mallik , Moulinath Banerjee , George Michailidis

Residual-based goodness-of-fit tests for parametric time-series models are often complicated by parameter-estimation effects, which can alter the limiting behavior of diagnostic statistics. We propose a sample-splitting generalized spectral…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-29 Yuxin Tao , Feiyu Jiang , Xiaofeng Shao

A/B test, a simple type of controlled experiment, refers to the statistical procedure of experimenting to compare two treatments applied to test subjects. For example, many IT companies frequently conduct A/B tests on their users who are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Qiong Zhang , Lulu Kang

In modern recommendation systems, the standard pipeline involves training machine learning models on historical data to predict user behaviors and improve recommendations continuously. However, these data training loops can introduce…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-08 Nian Si

Context: Software testability is the degree to which a software system or a unit under test supports its own testing. To predict and improve software testability, a large number of techniques and metrics have been proposed by both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Vahid Garousi , Michael Felderer , Feyza Nur Kilicaslan

We study ratio metrics in A/B testing at the presence of correlation among observations coming from the same user and provides practical guidance especially when two metrics contradict each other. We propose new estimating methods to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-24 Keyu Nie , Yinfei Kong , Ted Tao Yuan , Pauline Berry Burke

Random sampling is an essential tool in the processing and transmission of data. It is used to summarize data too large to store or manipulate and meet resource constraints on bandwidth or battery power. Estimators that are applied to the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Edith Cohen , Haim Kaplan

Sampling distribution, a foundational concept in statistics, is difficult to understand, since we usually have only one realization of the estimator of interest. In this work, we present an innovative method for helping university students…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-07-26 Mariela Sued , Marina Valdora

Estimation of causal effects using machine learning methods has become an active research field in econometrics. In this paper, we study the finite sample performance of meta-learners for estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects under…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-01 Gabriel Okasa

The so-called 'energy test' is a frequentist technique used in experimental particle physics to decide whether two samples are drawn from the same distribution. Its usage requires a good understanding of the distribution of the test…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-03-12 Thomas P. S. Gillam , Christopher G. Lester

Given two 2-level factors of interest, a 2^2 split-plot design} (a) takes each of the $2^2=4$ possible factorial combinations as a treatment, (b) identifies one factor as `whole-plot,' (c) divides the experimental units into blocks, and (d)…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-15 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding , Tirthankar Dasgupta

The performance of a machine learning system is usually evaluated by using i.i.d.\ observations with true labels. However, acquiring ground truth labels is expensive, while obtaining unlabeled samples may be cheaper. Stratified sampling can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Tiancheng Yu , Xiyu Zhai , Suvrit Sra

The Adaptive Multilevel Splitting algorithm is a very powerful and versatile iterative method to estimate the probability of rare events, based on an interacting particle systems. In an other article, in a so-called idealized setting, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Charles-Edouard Bréhier , Ludovic Goudenège , Loic Tudela

Effective methodologies for evaluating recommender systems are critical, so that such systems can be compared in a sound manner. A commonly overlooked aspect of recommender system evaluation is the selection of the data splitting strategy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Zaiqiao Meng , Richard McCreadie , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

Measurement system analysis aims to quantify the variability in data attributable to the measurement system and evaluate its contribution to overall data variability. This paper conducts a rigorous theoretical investigation of the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-31 Banafsheh Lashkari , Shojaeddin Chenouri

In observational studies of treatment effects, estimates may be biased by unmeasured confounders, which can potentially affect the validity of the results. Understanding sensitivity to such biases helps assess how unmeasured confounding…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-02 Qishuo Yin , Dylan S. Small

The two-sample problem, which consists in testing whether independent samples on $\mathbb{R}^d$ are drawn from the same (unknown) distribution, finds applications in many areas. Its study in high-dimension is the subject of much attention,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Stephan Clémençon , Myrto Limnios , Nicolas Vayatis

Several new methods have been proposed for performing valid inference after model selection. An older method is sampling splitting: use part of the data for model selection and part for inference. In this paper we revisit sample splitting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Alessandro Rinaldo , Larry Wasserman , Max G'Sell , Jing Lei

AB testing aids business operators with their decision making, and is considered the gold standard method for learning from data to improve digital user experiences. However, there is usually a gap between the requirements of practitioners,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Srivas Chennu , Andrew Maher , Christian Pangerl , Subash Prabanantham , Jae Hyeon Bae , Jamie Martin , Bud Goswami