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Modern sequential recommender systems, ranging from lightweight transformer-based variants to large language models, have become increasingly prominent in academia and industry due to their strong performance in the next-item prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Danil Gusak , Anna Volodkevich , Anton Klenitskiy , Alexey Vasilev , Evgeny Frolov

A/B testing plays a central role in data-driven product development, guiding launch decisions for new features and designs. However, treatment effect estimates are often noisy due to short horizons, early stopping, and slowly accumulating…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Xinran Li

Methods for split conformal prediction leverage calibration samples to transform any prediction rule into a set-prediction rule that complies with a target coverage probability. Existing methods provide remarkably strong performance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Santiago Mazuelas

Online evaluation of machine learning models is typically conducted through A/B experiments. Sequential statistical tests are valuable tools for analysing these experiments, as they enable researchers to stop data collection early without…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-08 Alexey Kurennoy , Majed Dodin , Tural Gurbanov , Ana Peleteiro Ramallo

Two-sample tests evaluate whether two samples are realizations of the same distribution (the null hypothesis) or two different distributions (the alternative hypothesis). We consider a new setting for this problem where sample features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Weizhi Li , Gautam Dasarathy , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Visar Berisha

A/B experiments are commonly used in research to compare the effects of changing one or more variables in two different experimental groups - a control group and a treatment group. While the benefits of using A/B experiments are widely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Andrew Hornback , Sungeun An , Scott Bunin , Stephen Buckley , John Kos , Ashok Goel

Classifiers are biased when trained on biased datasets. As a remedy, we propose Learning to Split (ls), an algorithm for automatic bias detection. Given a dataset with input-label pairs, ls learns to split this dataset so that predictors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Yujia Bao , Regina Barzilay

This paper examines how spillover effects in A/B testing can impede organizational progress and develops strategies for mitigating these challenges. We identify a phenomenon termed ``seesaw experimentation'', where a firm's overall…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-16 Jin Li , Ye Luo , Xiaowei Zhang

Two-sample testing is a fundamental problem in statistics. Despite its long history, there has been renewed interest in this problem with the advent of high-dimensional and complex data. Specifically, in the machine learning literature,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-19 Ilmun Kim , Ann B. Lee , Jing Lei

Experimentation in online digital platforms is used to inform decision making. Specifically, the goal of many experiments is to optimize a metric of interest. Null hypothesis statistical testing can be ill-suited to this task, as it is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-10 Timothy Sudijono , Simon Ejdemyr , Apoorva Lal , Martin Tingley

A/B tests serve the purpose of reliably identifying the effect of changes introduced in online services. It is common for online platforms to run a large number of simultaneous experiments by splitting incoming user traffic randomly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Alexander Buchholz , Vito Bellini , Giuseppe Di Benedetto , Yannik Stein , Matteo Ruffini , Fabian Moerchen

Suppose there are two unknown parameters, each parameter is the solution to an estimating equation, and the estimating equation of one parameter depends on the other parameter. The parameters can be jointly estimated by "stacking" their…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-13 Eli S. Kravitz , Raymond J. Carroll , David Ruppert

Sampling is often a necessary evil to reduce the processing and storage costs of distributed tracing. In this work, we describe a scalable and adaptive sampling approach that can preserve events of interest better than the widely used…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Otmar Ertl

Statistical samples, in order to be representative, have to be drawn from a population in a random and unbiased way. Nevertheless, it is common practice in the field of model-based diagnosis to make estimations from (biased) best-first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Patrick Rodler , Fatima Elichanova

We propose novel methodology for testing equality of model parameters between two high-dimensional populations. The technique is very general and applicable to a wide range of models. The method is based on sample splitting: the data is…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-17 Nicolas Städler , Sach Mukherjee

We propose a two-sample testing procedure based on learned deep neural network representations. To this end, we define two test statistics that perform an asymptotic location test on data samples mapped onto a hidden layer. The tests are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-11 Matthias Kirchler , Shahryar Khorasani , Marius Kloft , Christoph Lippert

Utilizing randomized experiments to evaluate the effect of short-term treatments on the short-term outcomes has been well understood and become the golden standard in industrial practice. However, as service systems become increasingly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 Shuze Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Chonghuan Wang

Randomized A/B tests within online learning platforms represent an exciting direction in learning sciences. With minimal assumptions, they allow causal effect estimation without confounding bias and exact statistical inference even in small…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-13 Adam C. Sales , Ethan B. Prihar , Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch , Neil T. Heffernan

Recent works have proposed optimal subsampling algorithms to improve computational efficiency in large datasets and to design validation studies in the presence of measurement error. Existing approaches generally fall into two categories:…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-25 Jasper B. Yang , Thomas Lumley , Bryan E. Shepherd , Pamela A. Shaw

Many testing problems are readily amenable to randomised tests such as those employing data splitting. However despite their usefulness in principle, randomised tests have obvious drawbacks. Firstly, two analyses of the same dataset may…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 F. Richard Guo , Rajen D. Shah