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Federated learning (FL) has become one of the key methods for privacy-preserving collaborative learning, as it enables the transfer of models without requiring local data exchange. Within the FL framework, an aggregation algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Haizhou Zhang , Xianjia Yu , Tomi Westerlund

Federated learning (FL) has attracted tremendous attentions in recent years due to its privacy preserving measures and great potentials in some distributed but privacy-sensitive applications like finance and health. However, high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Yuzhu Mao , Zihao Zhao , Guangfeng Yan , Yang Liu , Tian Lan , Linqi Song , Wenbo Ding

Federated learning (FL) enables geographically dispersed edge devices (i.e., clients) to learn a global model without sharing the local datasets, where each client performs gradient descent with its local data and uploads the gradients to a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Heting Liu , Fang He , Guohong Cao

Federated learning (FL) has been recognized as a viable distributed learning paradigm for training a machine learning model across distributed clients without uploading raw data. However, FL in wireless networks still faces two major…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xuefeng Han , Wen Chen , Jun Li , Ming Ding , Qingqing Wu , Kang Wei , Xiumei Deng , Zhen Mei

In Federated Learning (FL), the distributed nature and heterogeneity of client data present both opportunities and challenges. While collaboration among clients can significantly enhance the learning process, not all collaborations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazarii Tupitsa , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč , Eduard Gorbunov

Asynchronous federated learning (FL) with heterogeneous clients faces two key issues: curvature-induced loss barriers encountered by standard linear parameter interpolation techniques (e.g. FedAvg) and interference from stale updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Archie Licudi , Anshul Thakur , Soheila Molaei , Danielle Belgrave , David Clifton

Quantum federated learning (QFL) combines quantum computing and federated learning to enable decentralized model training while maintaining data privacy. QFL can improve computational efficiency and scalability by taking advantage of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen , Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Walid Saad

Federated learning (FL) focuses on collaborative model training without the need to move the private data silos to a central server. Despite its several benefits, the classical FL is plagued with several limitations, such as high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Siva Sai , Abhishek Sawaika , Prabhjot Singh , Rajkumar Buyya

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple parties without sharing raw data, with semi-asynchronous FL (SAFL) emerging as a balanced approach between synchronous and asynchronous FL. However, SAFL faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yunbo Li , Jiaping Gui , Zhihang Deng , Fanchao Meng , Yue Wu

Federated Learning (FL) typically aggregates client model parameters using a weighting approach determined by sample proportions. However, this naive weighting method may lead to unfairness and degradation in model performance due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Mingwei Xu , Xiaofeng Cao , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok

Federated learning (FL) is a paradigm where many clients collaboratively train a model under the coordination of a central server, while keeping the training data locally stored. However, heterogeneous data distributions over different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yaqi Sun , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Yuhan Dong , Zhitao Zhu , Jing Xiao

The performance of Federated learning (FL) is negatively affected by device differences and statistical characteristics between participating clients. To address this issue, we introduce a deep unfolding network (DUN)-based technique that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Shanika I Nanayakkara , Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Gang Li

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) offers a promising framework to train quantum models across distributed clients while keeping data strictly local. Due to its simplicity and low communication overhead, Federated Averaging (FedAvg) is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hoang M. Ngo , Quan Nguyen , Wanli Xing , My T. Thai

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

AI-native 6G networks are envisioned to tightly embed artificial intelligence (AI) into the wireless ecosystem, enabling real-time, personalized, and privacy-preserving intelligence at the edge. A foundational pillar of this vision is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shaba Shaon , Md Raihan Uddin , Dinh C. Nguyen , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Dusit Niyato , Octavia A. Dobre

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed training paradigm that enables collaborative learning across clients without sharing local data, thereby preserving privacy. However, the increasing scale and complexity of modern deep models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Honggu Kang , Seohyeon Cha , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated Learning (FL) marks a transformative approach to distributed model training by combining locally optimized models from various clients into a unified global model. While FL preserves data privacy by eliminating centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Pranab Sahoo , Ashutosh Tripathi , Sriparna Saha , Samrat Mondal

Federated learning (FL) is a powerful distributed machine learning framework where a server aggregates models trained by different clients without accessing their private data. Hierarchical FL, with a client-edge-cloud aggregation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Lumin Liu , Jun Zhang , Shenghui Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Communication of model updates between client nodes and the central aggregating server is a major bottleneck in federated learning, especially in bandwidth-limited settings and high-dimensional models. Gradient quantization is an effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Divyansh Jhunjhunwala , Advait Gadhikar , Gauri Joshi , Yonina C. Eldar

Federated learning (FL) offers a solution to train a global machine learning model while still maintaining data privacy, without needing access to data stored locally at the clients. However, FL suffers performance degradation when client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zihan Chen , Kai Fong Ernest Chong , Tony Q. S. Quek
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