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Related papers: E-valuator: Reliable Agent Verifiers with Sequenti…

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AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations…

AI agents are increasingly used to solve complex, multi-step tasks, but existing multi-agent frameworks remain brittle as workflows grow in scale and depth. Small errors at intermediate stages can propagate through agent interactions, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andy Xu , Yu-Wing Tai

Verifying the success of computer use agent (CUA) trajectories is a critical challenge: without reliable verification, neither evaluation nor training signal can be trusted. In this paper, we present lessons learned from building a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Corby Rosset , Pratyusha Sharma , Andrew Zhao , Miguel Gonzalez-Fernandez , Ahmed Awadallah

With the advancement of Agentic AI, researchers are increasingly leveraging autonomous agents to address challenges in software engineering (SE). However, the large language models (LLMs) that underpin these agents often function as black…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jingyue Li , André Storhaug

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled a new generation of autonomous agents that operate over sustained periods and manage sensitive resources on behalf of users. Trusted for their ability to act without direct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Artem Grigor , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Simon Birnbach , Ivan Martinovic

To enable human oversight, agentic AI systems often provide a trace of reasoning and action steps. Designing traces to have an informative, but not overwhelming, level of detail remains a critical challenge. In three user studies on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Hussein Mozannar , Maya Murad , Jingya Chen , Saleema Amershi , Adam Fourney

Recent search agents leverage multi-turn reasoning and search tools to achieve strong performance on multi-hop and long-horizon benchmarks. Yet it remains unclear whether they reliably reason across all requirements by tracking, verifying,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dayoon Ko , Jihyuk Kim , Sohyeon Kim , Haeju Park , Dahyun Lee , Gunhee Kim , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into high-stakes domains necessitates reliable safety and compliance evaluation. However, existing static benchmarks are ill-equipped to address the dynamic nature of AI risks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yixu Wang , Xin Wang , Yang Yao , Xinyuan Li , Xibang Yang , Yan Teng , Xingjun Ma , Yingchun Wang

As autonomous agentic systems scale across regulated critical infrastructures, the lack of mechanistic, hardware-rooted enforcement for high-frequency policy updates presents a fundamental safety gap. We introduce Ethical Hyper-Velocity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Riddhi Mohan Sharma

AI agents have been developed for complex real-world tasks from coding to customer service. But AI agent evaluations suffer from many challenges that undermine our understanding of how well agents really work. We introduce the Holistic…

Agent-based AutoML systems rely on large language models to make complex, multi-stage decisions across data processing, model selection, and evaluation. However, existing evaluation practices remain outcome-centric, focusing primarily on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gaoyuan Du , Amit Ahlawat , Xiaoyang Liu , Jing Wu

This paper establishes a rigorous measurement science for AI agent reliability, providing a foundational framework for quantifying consistency under semantically preserving perturbations. By leveraging $U$-statistics for output-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Harsh Raj , Niranjan Orkat , Suvrorup Mukherjee , Aritra Guha , Cheryl Flynn , Subhabrata Majumdar

Classic evaluation methods of believable agents are time-consuming because they involve many human to judge agents. They are well suited to validate work on new believable behaviours models. However, during the implementation, numerous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-09-03 Fabien Tencé , Cédric Buche

Developing autonomous agents for web-based tasks is a core challenge in AI. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents can interpret complex user requests, they often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to diagnose why they fail or how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Orit Shahnovsky , Rotem Dror

Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for the development of autonomous agents under complex GUI tasks, but its scalability remains severely hampered by the verification of task completion. Existing task verification is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shaofei Cai , Yulei Qin , Haojia Lin , Zihan Xu , Gang Li , Yuchen Shi , Zongyi Li , Yong Mao , Siqi Cai , Xiaoyu Tan , Yitao Liang , Ke Li , Xing Sun

In many real-world continuous action domains, human agents must decide which actions to attempt and then execute those actions to the best of their ability. However, humans cannot execute actions without error. Human performance in these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Delma Nieves-Rivera , Christopher Archibald

With the growing adoption of agent-based models in policy evaluation, a pressing question arises: Can such systems effectively simulate and analyze complex social scenarios to inform policy decisions? Addressing this challenge could…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jiaju Kang , Puyu Han , Tian Zhang , Luqi Gong

Evaluation is no longer a final checkpoint in the machine learning lifecycle. As AI systems evolve from static models to compound, tool-using agents, evaluation becomes a core control function. The question is no longer "How good is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ali El Filali , Inès Bedar

This study empirically examines the "Evaluative AI" framework, which aims to enhance the decision-making process for AI users by transitioning from a recommendation-based approach to a hypothesis-driven one. Rather than offering direct…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jaroslaw Kornowicz

LLM-based agents act through sequences of executable decisions, but their trajectories provide little evidence of which agent or policy produced them, making provenance, ownership, and unauthorized reuse difficult to establish from observed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hyeseon An , Shinwoo Park , Dongsu Kim , Yo-Sub Han