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Frontier AI systems are being adopted across Africa, yet most AI safety evaluations are designed and validated in Western environments. In this paper, we argue that the portability gap can leave Africa-centric pathways to severe harm…

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) enables fast data aggregation for edge intelligence applications. However the performance of AirComp can be severely degraded by channel misalignments. Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have recently emerged…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhonghao Lyu , Haoyun Li , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , H. Vincent Poor

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems present both benefits and risks to society. Safety cases - structured arguments supported by evidence - are one way to help ensure the safe development and deployment of these systems. Yet the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Carmen Cârlan , Francesca Gomez , Yohan Mathew , Ketana Krishna , René King , Peter Gebauer , Ben R. Smith

Federated Learning (FL) as a secure distributed learning framework gains interests in Internet of Things (IoT) due to its capability of protecting the privacy of participant data. However, traditional FL systems are vulnerable to Free-Rider…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jianhua Wang , Xiaolin Chang , Jelena Mišić , Vojislav B. Mišić , Yixiang Wang

The rapid development of AI systems poses unprecedented risks, including loss of control, misuse, geopolitical instability, and concentration of power. To navigate these risks and avoid worst-case outcomes, governments may proactively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Peter Barnett , Aaron Scher , David Abecassis

Existing evaluations of AI misuse safeguards provide a patchwork of evidence that is often difficult to connect to real-world decisions. To bridge this gap, we describe an end-to-end argument (a "safety case") that misuse safeguards reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Joshua Clymer , Jonah Weinbaum , Robert Kirk , Kimberly Mai , Selena Zhang , Xander Davies

Existing tool-augmented agentic systems are limited in the real world by (i) black-box reasoning steps that undermine trust of decision-making and pose safety risks, (ii) poor multimodal integration, which is inherently critical for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yushi Feng , Junye Du , Yingying Hong , Qifan Wang , Lequan Yu

AI control protocols serve as a defense mechanism to stop untrusted LLM agents from causing harm in autonomous settings. Prior work treats this as a security problem, stress testing with exploits that use the deployment context to subtly…

This paper contributes to the nascent debate around safety cases for frontier AI systems. Safety cases are structured, defensible arguments that a system is acceptably safe to deploy in a given context. Historically, they have been used in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shaun Feakins , Ibrahim Habli , Phillip Morgan

AI pentesting agents are increasingly credible as offensive security systems, but current benchmarks still provide limited guidance on which will perform best in real-world targets. Existing evaluation protocols assess and optimize for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pedro Conde , Henrique Branquinho , Valerio Mazzone , Bruno Mendes , André Baptista , Nuno Moniz

Affordances and permissions are promising and timely safety levers for mitigating Loss of Control (LoC) threats in high-stakes deployment contexts, such as national security. Deployers in defense and intelligence could rely on several…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Matteo Pistillo , Samantha Faraone , Joshua Herman

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated multi-step attacks, planned and executed by skilled adversaries targeting modern government and enterprise networks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and User and Entity Behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Hazem M. Soliman , Geoff Salmon , Dušan Sovilj , Mohan Rao

Language models (LMs) are typically post-trained for desired capabilities and behaviors via weight-based or prompt-based steering, but the former is time-consuming and expensive, and the latter is not precisely controllable and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sasha Cui , Zhongren Chen

In recent years, the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred a growing demand for plug-and-play AI systems. Among the various AI techniques, prompt engineering stands out as particularly significant. However, users often face…

AI agents increasingly require direct, structured access to application data and actions, but production deployments still struggle to express and verify the governance properties that matter in practice: least-privilege authorization,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Genliang Zhu , Chu Wang , Ziyuan Wang , Zhida Li , Qiang Li

UASs form a large part of the fighting ability of the advanced military forces. In particular, these systems that carry confidential information are subject to security attacks. Accordingly, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Reza Fotohi

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

Control evaluations measure whether monitoring and security protocols for AI systems prevent intentionally subversive AI models from causing harm. Our work presents the first control evaluation performed in an agent environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Aryan Bhatt , Cody Rushing , Adam Kaufman , Tyler Tracy , Vasil Georgiev , David Matolcsi , Akbir Khan , Buck Shlegeris

As artificial intelligence systems evolve from passive assistants into autonomous agents capable of executing consequential actions, the security boundary shifts from model outputs to tool execution. Traditional security paradigms - log…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Herman Errico

Current AI systems increasingly operate in contexts where their outputs directly trigger real-world actions. Most existing approaches to AI safety, risk management, and governance focus on post-hoc validation, probabilistic risk estimation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gadi Lavi