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Smart contracts are a major tool in Ethereum transactions. Therefore hackers can exploit them by adding code vulnerabilities to their sources and using these vulnerabilities for performing malicious transactions. This paper presents two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Natan Katz

Solana has quickly emerged as a popular platform for building decentralized applications (DApps), such as marketplaces for non-fungible tokens (NFTs). A key reason for its success are Solana's low transaction fees and high performance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sven Smolka , Jens-Rene Giesen , Pascal Winkler , Oussama Draissi , Lucas Davi , Ghassan Karame , Klaus Pohl

Recent years have seen smart contracts are getting increasingly popular in building trustworthy decentralized applications. Previous research has proposed static and dynamic techniques to detect vulnerabilities in smart contracts. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jiaming Ye , Mingliang Ma , Yun Lin , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Jianjun Zhao

In this paper, we investigate the strategies adopted by Solidity developers to fix security vulnerabilities in smart contracts. Vulnerabilities are categorized using the DASP TOP 10 taxonomy, and fixing strategies are extracted from GitHub…

Many Ethereum smart contracts rely on block attributes such as block.timestamp or blockhash to generate random numbers for applications like lotteries and games. However, these values are predictable and miner-manipulable, creating the Bad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hadis Rezaei , Rahim Taheri , Francesco Palmieri

Code reuse in software development frequently facilitates the spread of vulnerabilities, making the scope of affected software in CVE reports imprecise. Traditional methods primarily focus on identifying reused vulnerability code within…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Siyuan Li , Yuekang Li , Zuxin Chen , Chaopeng Dong , Yongpan Wang , Hong Li , Yongle Chen , Hongsong Zhu

Smart contracts are frequently vulnerable to control-flow attacks based on confused deputies, reentrancy, and incorrect error handling. These attacks exploit the complexity of interactions among multiple possibly unknown contracts. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siqiu Yao , Haobin Ni , Stephanie Ma , Noah Schiff , Andrew C. Myers , Ethan Cecchetti

Smart contracts enable contract terms to be automatically executed and verified on the blockchain, and recent years have witnessed numerous applications of them in areas such as financial institutions and supply chains. The execution logic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lantian Li , Yuyu Chen , Jingwen Wu , Yue Pan , Zhongxing Yu

In the past few years, several attacks against the vulnerabilities of EOSIO smart contracts have caused severe financial losses to this prevalent blockchain platform. As a lightweight test-generation approach, grey-box fuzzing can open up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Jianfei Zhou , Tianxing Jiang , Shuwei Song , Ting Chen

This paper develops semantic typing in a smart-contract setting to ensure type safety of code that uses statically untypable language constructs, such as the fallback function. The idea is that the creator of a contract on the blockchain…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Stian Lybech , Daniele Gorla , Luca Aceto

The high rate of false alarms from static analysis tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) complicates vulnerability detection in Solidity Smart Contracts, demanding methods that can formally or empirically prove the presence of defects.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ştefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

With the growing concern of AI safety, there is a need to trust the computations done by machine learning (ML) models. Blockchain technology, known for recording data and running computations transparently and in a tamper-proof manner, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Zhikai Li , Steve Vott , Bhaskar Krishnamachar

The rise of modern blockchains has facilitated the emergence of smart contracts: autonomous programs that live and run on the blockchain. Smart contracts have seen a rapid climb to prominence, with applications predicted in law, business,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Lexi Brent , Anton Jurisevic , Michael Kong , Eric Liu , Francois Gauthier , Vincent Gramoli , Ralph Holz , Bernhard Scholz

Internet of Things (IoT) occupies a vital aspect of our everyday lives. IoT networks composed of smart-devices which communicate and transfer the information without the physical intervention of humans. Due to such proliferation and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Jawad Ali , Ahmad Shahrafidz Khalid , Eiad Yafi , Shahrulniza Musa , Waqas Ahmed

Learning heterogeneous graphs consisting of different types of nodes and edges enhances the results of homogeneous graph techniques. An interesting example of such graphs is control-flow graphs representing possible software code execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Hoang H. Nguyen , Nhat-Minh Nguyen , Chunyao Xie , Zahra Ahmadi , Daniel Kudendo , Thanh-Nam Doan , Lingxiao Jiang

The Open Network (TON) blockchain employs an asynchronous execution model that introduces unique security challenges for smart contracts. A primary concern is race conditions arising from unpredictable message processing order. While…

Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Shing-Chi Cheung , Yepang Liu , Shuqing Li , Lu Liu , Michael R. Lyu

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, transaction logs play a central role in various applications, including decentralized exchanges, wallets, cross-chain bridges, and other third-party services. However, these logs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yixuan Liu , Yuxin Dong , Ye Liu , Xiapu Luo , Yi Li

Blockchain technology (BT) Ethereum Smart Contracts allows programmable transactions that involve the transfer of monetary assets among peers on a BT network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi