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Learning in environments with large state and action spaces, and sparse rewards, can hinder a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent's learning through trial-and-error. For instance, following natural language instructions on the Web (such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Izzeddin Gur , Ulrich Rueckert , Aleksandra Faust , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Mobile GUI agents show promise in automating tasks but face generalization challenges in diverse real-world scenarios. Traditional approaches using pre-training or fine-tuning with massive datasets struggle with the diversity of mobile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Liang Liu , Zhiming Chen , Yuxiang Chai , Shuai Ren , Hao Wang , Shibo He , Wenchao Meng

Mobile GUI agents excel at immediate reactive control but frequently fail in realistic, long-horizon tasks that require memory. This failure stems from a fundamental conflict between limited context windows and token-heavy screenshots. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Xi Zhang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye , Jitao Sang

Recent advancements in visual language models (VLMs) have notably enhanced their capabilities in handling complex Graphical User Interface (GUI) interaction tasks. Despite these improvements, current frameworks often struggle to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Shiyun Xiong , Yifan Zhang , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Exploration is one of the most important tasks in Reinforcement Learning, but it is not well-defined beyond finite problems in the Dynamic Programming paradigm (see Subsection 2.4). We provide a reinterpretation of exploration which can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-24 John C. Raisbeck , Matthew W. Allen , Hakho Lee

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann

Recent advancements in GUI agents have significantly expanded their ability to interpret natural language commands to manage software interfaces. However, acquiring GUI data remains a significant challenge. Existing methods often involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xiangwu Guo , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

GUI agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) show promise in automating complex digital tasks. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications is often limited by scarce training data and the inherent complexity of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ran Xu , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang , Dong Yu

In this work we apply deep reinforcement learning to the problems of navigating a three-dimensional environment and inferring the locations of human speaker audio sources within, in the case where the only available information is the raw…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Petros Giannakopoulos , Aggelos Pikrakis , Yannis Cotronis

The objective of a reinforcement learning agent is to discover better actions through exploration. However, typical exploration techniques aim to maximize rewards, often incurring high costs in both exploration and learning processes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Akane Tsuboya , Yu Kono , Tatsuji Takahashi

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Training large language models (LLMs) as interactive agents for controlling graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents a unique challenge to optimize long-horizon action sequences with multimodal feedback from complex environments. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Fanbin Lu , Zhisheng Zhong , Shu Liu , Chi-Wing Fu , Jiaya Jia

Building autonomous agents that perceive and operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) like humans has long been a vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Central to these agents is the capability for GUI interaction, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hongxin Li , Jingran Su , Jingfan Chen , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Two less addressed issues of deep reinforcement learning are (1) lack of generalization capability to new target goals, and (2) data inefficiency i.e., the model requires several (and often costly) episodes of trial and error to converge,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-19 Yuke Zhu , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Eric Kolve , Joseph J. Lim , Abhinav Gupta , Li Fei-Fei , Ali Farhadi

GUIs have long been central to human-computer interaction, providing an intuitive and visually-driven way to access and interact with digital systems. The advent of LLMs, particularly multimodal models, has ushered in a new era of GUI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Chaoyun Zhang , Shilin He , Jiaxu Qian , Bowen Li , Liqun Li , Si Qin , Yu Kang , Minghua Ma , Guyue Liu , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Mobile GUI agents exhibit substantial potential to facilitate and automate the execution of user tasks on mobile phones. However, exist mobile GUI agents predominantly privilege autonomous operation and neglect the necessity of active user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Haitao Jia , Ming He , Zimo Yin , Likang Wu , Jianping Fan , Jitao Sang

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are the primary medium for human-computer interaction, yet automating GUI interactions remains challenging due to the complexity of visual elements, dynamic environments, and the need for multi-step…

Adaptive user interfaces (UIs) automatically change an interface to better support users' tasks. Recently, machine learning techniques have enabled the transition to more powerful and complex adaptive UIs. However, a core challenge for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Thomas Langerak , Sammy Christen , Mert Albaba , Christoph Gebhardt , Otmar Hilliges

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have become indispensable tools in artificial intelligence, empowering agents to acquire optimal decision-making policies through interactions with their environment and feedback mechanisms. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Ergon Cugler de Moraes Silva

We study lifelong visual perception in an embodied setup, where we develop new models and compare various agents that navigate in buildings and occasionally request annotations which, in turn, are used to refine their visual perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu