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Transformer-based models are becoming a central paradigm in autonomous driving because they can capture long-range spatial dependencies, multi-agent interactions, and multimodal context across perception, prediction, and planning. At the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juan Zhong , Yuhang Shi , Zukang Xu , Xi Chen

Road congestion induces significant costs across the world, and road network disturbances, such as traffic accidents, can cause highly congested traffic patterns. If a planner had control over the routing of all vehicles in the network,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Daniel A. Lazar , Erdem Bıyık , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Autonomous driving technologies have achieved significant advances in recent years, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by data scarcity, safety requirements, and the need for generalization across diverse environments. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 A. Humnabadkar , A. Sikdar , B. Cave , H. Zhang , N. Bessis , A. Behera

Environment modeling in autonomous driving is realized by two fundamental approaches, grid-based and feature-based approach. Both methods interpret the environment differently and show some situation-dependent beneficial realizations. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Nils Rexin , Marcel Musch , Klaus Dietmayer

Reinforcement learning has shown great potential in developing high-level autonomous driving. However, for high-dimensional tasks, current RL methods suffer from low data efficiency and oscillation in the training process. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Yuhang Zhang , Yao Mu , Yujie Yang , Yang Guan , Shengbo Eben Li , Qi Sun , Jianyu Chen

Wheeled robots are highly efficient in human living environments. However, conventional wheeled designs, with their limited degrees of freedom and constraints in robot configuration, struggle to simultaneously achieve stability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ziqi Zhao , Peijia Xie , Max Q. -H. Meng

Recently, world-action models (WAM) have emerged to bridge vision-language-action (VLA) models and world models, unifying their reasoning and instruction-following capabilities and spatio-temporal world modeling. However, existing WAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yang Zhou , Xiaofeng Wang , Hao Shao , Letian Wang , Guosheng Zhao , Jiangnan Shao , Jiagang Zhu , Tingdong Yu , Zheng Zhu , Guan Huang , Steven L. Waslander

Understanding occupant-vehicle interactions by modeling control transitions is important to ensure safe approaches to passenger vehicle automation. Models which contain contextual, semantically meaningful representations of driver states…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Akshay Rangesh , Nachiket Deo , Ross Greer , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan M. Trivedi

Modern autonomous driving algorithms often rely on learning the mapping from visual inputs to steering actions from human driving data in a variety of scenarios and visual scenes. The required data collection is not only labor intensive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Sascha Hornauer , Karl Zipser , Stella X. Yu

Wheeled robots are highly efficient in human living environments. However, conventional wheeled designs, limited by degrees of freedom, struggle to meet varying footprint needs and achieve omnidirectional mobility. This paper proposes a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ziqi Zhao , Peijia Xie , Max Q. -H. Meng

With the rapid development of machine learning, autonomous driving has become a hot issue, making urgent demands for more intelligent perception and planning systems. Self-driving cars can avoid traffic crashes with precisely predicted…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jianbang Liu , Xinyu Mao , Yuqi Fang , Delong Zhu , Max Q. -H. Meng

Rapid autonomous traversal of unstructured terrain is essential for scenarios such as disaster response, search and rescue, or planetary exploration. As a vehicle navigates at the limit of its capabilities over extreme terrain, its dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jason Gibson , Anoushka Alavilli , Erica Tevere , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Patrick Spieler

Rapid transit of emergency vehicles is critical for saving lives and reducing property loss but often relies on surrounding ordinary vehicles to cooperatively adjust their driving behaviors. It is important to ensure rapid transit of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 WenXi Wang , JunQi Zhang

This paper proposes a life-long adaptive path tracking policy learning method for autonomous vehicles that can self-evolve and self-adapt with multi-task knowledge. Firstly, the proposed method can learn a model-free control policy for path…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Cheng Gong , Jianwei Gong , Chao Lu , Zhe Liu , Zirui Li

Understanding world dynamics is crucial for planning in autonomous driving. Recent methods attempt to achieve this by learning a 3D occupancy world model that forecasts future surrounding scenes based on current observation. However, 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiang Li , Pengfei Li , Yupeng Zheng , Wei Sun , Yan Wang , Yilun Chen

Autonomous driving requires robust perception models trained on high-quality, large-scale multi-view driving videos for tasks like 3D object detection, segmentation and trajectory prediction. While world models provide a cost-effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zhuoran Yang , Xi Guo , Chenjing Ding , Chiyu Wang , Wei Wu

With the development of artificial intelligence and breakthroughs in deep learning, large-scale Foundation Models (FMs), such as GPT, Sora, etc., have achieved remarkable results in many fields including natural language processing and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jianhua Wu , Bingzhao Gao , Jincheng Gao , Jianhao Yu , Hongqing Chu , Qiankun Yu , Xun Gong , Yi Chang , H. Eric Tseng , Hong Chen , Jie Chen

To help mitigate road congestion caused by the unrelenting growth of traffic demand, many transportation authorities have implemented managed lane policies, which restrict certain freeway lanes to certain types of vehicles. It was…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz , Alex A. Kurzhanskiy

The continual evolution of autonomous driving technology requires car-following models that can adapt to diverse and dynamic traffic environments. Traditional learning-based models often suffer from performance degradation when encountering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Xianda Chen , PakHin Tiu , Xu Han , Junjie Chen , Yuanfei Wu , Xinhu Zheng , Meixin Zhu

Autonomous agents operating in dynamic and safety-critical environments require decision-making frameworks that are both computationally efficient and physically grounded. However, many existing approaches rely on end-to-end learning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zhaowen Fan , Rongchao Zhang