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Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star crosses the tidal radius of a black hole (BH) and is ripped apart, providing a powerful way to probe dormant BHs over a wide mass range. In this study, we present our late-time observations…

There has been suggestive evidence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs; 10^{3-5} M_sun) existing in some globular clusters (GCs) and dwarf galaxies, but IMBHs as a population remain elusive. As a main-sequence star passes too close by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-30 Jin-Hong Chen , Rong-Feng Shen

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) have long been hypothesized as valuable indicators of black holes, offering insight into their demographics and behaviour out to high redshift. TDEs have also enabled the discovery of a few Massive Black Holes…

Stellar-mass and supermassive black holes abound in the Universe, whereas intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of ~10^2-10^5 solar masses in between are largely missing observationally, with few cases found only. Here we report the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-17 C. -C. Jin , D. -Y. Li , N. Jiang , L. -X. Dai , H. -Q. Cheng , J. -Z. Zhu , C. -W. Yang , A. Rau , P. Baldini , T. -G. Wang , H. -Y. Zhou , W. Yuan , C. Zhang , X. -W. Shu , R. -F. Shen , Y. -L. Wang , S. -X. Wen , Q. -Y. Wu , Y. -B. Wang , L. L. Thomsen , Z. -J. Zhang , W. -J. Zhang , A. Coleiro , R. Eyles-Ferris , X. Fang , L. C. Ho , J. -W. Hu , J. -J. Jin , W. -X. Li , B. -F. Liu , F. -K. Liu , M. -J. Liu , Z. Liu , Y. -J. Lu , A. Merloni , E. -L. Qiao , R. Saxton , R. Soria , S. Wang , Y. -Q. Xue , H. -N. Yang , B. Zhang , W. -D. Zhang , Z. -M. Cai , F. -S. Chen , H. -L. Chen , T. -X. Chen , W. Chen , Y. -H. Chen , Y. -F. Chen , Y. Chen , B. Cordier , C. -Z. Cui , W. -W. Cui , Y. -F. Dai , H. -C. Ding , D. -W. Fan , Z. Fan , H. Feng , J. A. Garcia , J. Guan , D. -W. Han , D. -J. Hou , H. -B. Hu , M. -H. Huang , J. Huo , S. -M. Jia , Z. -Q. Jia , B. -W. Jiang , G. Jin , X. Kong , E. Kuulkers , W. -H. Lei , C. -K. Li , J. -F. Li , L. -H. Li , M. -S. Li , W. Li , Z. -D. Li , T. -Y. Lian , Z. -X. Ling , C. -Z. Liu , H. -Y Liu , H. -Q. Liu , J. -F. Liu , Y. Liu , F. -J. Lu , L. -D. Luo , J. Ma , X. Mao , H. -Y. Mu , K. Nandra , P. O'Brien , H. -W. Pan , X. Pan , G. -J. Qin , N. Rea , J. Sanders , L. -M. Song , H. Sun , S. -L. Sun , X. -J. Sun , Y. -Y. Tan , Q. -J. Tang , Y. -H. Tao , B. -C. Wang , J. Wang , J. -F. Wang , L. Wang , W. -X. Wang , Y. -S. Wang , Z. -X. Wang , Q. -W. Wu , X. -F. Wu , H. -T. Xu , J. -J. Xu , X. -P. Xu , Y. -F. Xu , Z. Xu , C. -B. Xue , S. -J. Xue , Y. -L. Xue , A. -L. Yan , X. -T. Yang , Y. -J. Yang , J. Zhang , M. Zhang , S. -N. Zhang , Y. -H. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. -L. Zhang , D. -H. Zhao , H. -S. Zhao , X. -F. Zhao , Z. -J. Zhao , J. Zheng , Q. -F. Zhu , Y. -X. Zhu , Z. -C. Zhu , H. Zou

The cooling envelope model for tidal disruption events (TDE) postulates that while the stellar debris streams rapidly dissipate their bulk kinetic energy (``circularize"), this does not necessarily imply rapid feeding of the supermassive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-22 Nikhil Sarin , Brian D. Metzger

When a star passes through the tidal disruption radius of a massive black hole (BH), it can be torn apart by the tidal force of the BH, known as the Tidal Disruption Event (TDE). Since the observed UV/optical luminosity significantly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-17 Hengxiao Guo , Jingbo Sun , Shuang-Liang Li , Yan-Fei Jiang , Tinggui Wang , Defu Bu , Ning Jiang , Yanan Wang , Yuhan Yao , Rongfeng Shen , Minfeng Gu , Mouyuan Sun

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can uncover the quiescent supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the center of galaxies. After the disruption of a star by a SMBH, the highly elliptical orbit of the debris stream will be gradually circularized…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-08 Jin-Hong Chen , Li-Ming Dou , Rong-Feng Shen

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBH) are expected to exist in globular clusters (GCs) and compact stellar systems (CSS) in general, but none have been conclusively detected. Tidal disruption events (TDEs), where a star is tidally disrupted…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-04 Richard T. Pomeroy , Mark A. Norris

In the centers of galaxies, stars that orbit supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) can undergo tidal disruptions due to the Lidov-Kozai mechanism. Nevertheless, most previous researches have predominantly focused on full tidal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-05 Xiao-Jun Wu , Ye-Fei Yuan , Yan Luo , Wenbin Lin

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) may be the link between stellar mass holes and the supermassive variety in the nuclei of galaxies, and globular clusters (GCs) may be one of the most promising environments for their formation. Here we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-20 Vivian L. Tang , Piero Madau , Elisa Bortolas , Eric W. Peng

Observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) have already produced tens of strong candidate flares, and their number will greatly increase with upcoming wide field surveys. Nevertheless, the origin of the measured luminosity peak at early…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-15 Paola Martire , Elena Maria Rossi , Nicholas Chamberlain Stone , Elad Steinberg , Konstantinos Kilmetis , Itai Linial

Off-nuclear tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a rare probe of massive black holes (MBHs) outside galactic nuclei. Only a handful are known, including five X-ray-selected candidates and two optically selected events. We present…

Once per 10,000-100,000 years, an unlucky star may experience a close encounter with a supermassive black hole (SMBH), partially or fully tearing apart the star in an exceedingly brief, bright interaction called a tidal disruption event…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-07 Rewa Clark Bush , Samantha C. Wu , Rosa Wallace Everson , Ricardo Yarza , Ariadna Murguia-Berthier , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

We simultaneously and successfully fit the multi-epoch X-ray spectra of the tidal disruption event (TDE) 3XMM J215022.4-055108 using a modified version of our relativistic slim disk model that now accounts for angular momentum losses from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-29 Sixiang Wen , Peter G. Jonker , Nicholas C. Stone , Ann I. Zabludoff

We calculate the emission line spectrum produced by the debris released when a white dwarf (WD) is tidally disrupted by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH; $M\sim 10^{2}-10^{5}\msun$) and we explore the possibility of using the emission…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Drew Clausen , Michael Eracleous

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can uncover the quiescent black holes (BHs) at the center of galaxies and also offer a promising method to study them. In a partial TDE (PTDE), the BH's tidal force cannot fully disrupt the star, so the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-08 Jin-Hong Chen , Rong-Feng Shen

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are among the brightest transients in the optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray sky. These flares are set into motion when a star is torn apart by the tidal field of a massive black hole, triggering a chain of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Elena M. Rossi , Nicholas C. Stone , Jamie A. P. Law-Smith , Morgan MacLeod , Giuseppe Lodato , Jane L. Dai , Ilya Mandel

A star entering the tidal sphere of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can be partially stripped of mass, resulting in a partial tidal disruption event (TDE). Here we develop an analytical model for properties of these events, including the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-07 Ananya Bandopadhyay , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon

We study the rates of tidal disruption of stars by intermediate-mass to supermassive black holes on bound to unbound orbits by using high-accuracy direct N-body experiments. The approaching stars from the star cluster to the black hole can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Kimitake Hayasaki , Shiyan Zhong , Shuo Li , Peter Berczik , Rainer Spurzem

The tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018fyk has unusual X-ray, UV, and optical light curves that decay over the first $\sim$600d, rebrighten, and decay again around 1200d. We explain this behavior as a one-off TDE associated with a massive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-30 S. Wen , P. G. Jonker , A. J. Levan , D. Li , N. C. Stone , A. I. Zabludoff , Z. Cao , T. Wevers , D. R. Pasham , C. Lewin , E. Kara
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