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We study the gravito-electromagnetic perturbations of the Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole metric and identify the two $-$ photon sphere and near-horizon $-$ families of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the KN black hole, computing the frequency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-04 Oscar J. C. Dias , Mahdi Godazgar , Jorge E. Santos , Gregorio Carullo , Walter Del Pozzo , Danny Laghi

Black-hole spectroscopy aims to infer the fundamental properties of black holes by analysing the spectrum of gravitational waves emitted as they settle into equilibrium. These resonances, known as quasinormal modes (QNMs), decay rapidly,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Pietro Smaniotto , Leonardo Solidoro , Patrik Švančara , Sam Patrick , Maurício Richartz , Carlo F. Barenghi , Ruth Gregory , Silke Weinfurtner

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems offer a remarkably strong response to weak perturbations, but the nonorthogonal nature of the corresponding eigenvectors causes noise to diverge, hindering EPs practical application. Here,…

We analytically determine the quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies of a black hole with quadrupole moment in the eikonal limit using the light-ring method. The generalized black holes that are discussed in this work possess arbitrary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-13 Alireza Allahyari , Hassan Firouzjahi , Bahram Mashhoon

We present a general theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in periodically time-variant systems that do not necessarily require the presence of loss or gain, and we show that even a single resonator with a time-periodic component…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Hamidreza Kazemi , Mohamed Y. Nada , Tarek Mealy , Ahmed F. Abdelshafy , Filippo Capolino

Defective spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), lies at the heart of various intriguing phenomena in optics, acoustics, and other nonconservative systems. Despite extensive studies in the past two decades, the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Cui-Xian Guo , Shu Chen , Kun Ding , Haiping Hu

We study perturbations of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes in semi-open systems by using the Heun functions. For the semi-open system, a partially reflective wall is added around the event horizon. Three aspects of this model are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-27 Liang-Bi Wu , Libo Xie , Li-Ming Cao , Ming-Fei Ji , Yu-Sen Zhou

Exceptional points, a remarkable phenomenon in physical systems, have been exploited for sensing applications. It has been demonstrated recently that it can also utilize as sensory threshold in which the interplay between exceptional-point…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Shirin Panahi , Li-Li Ye , Ying-Cheng Lai

It is known that a quasinormal mode (QNM) of a remnant black hole dominates a ringdown gravitational wave (GW) in a binary black hole (BBH) merger. To study properties of the QNMs, it is important to determine the time when the QNMs appear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-06 Kazuki Sakai , Ken-ichi Oohara , Hiroyuki Nakano , Masato Kaneyama , Hirotaka Takahashi

After black holes collide, the remnant settles to a stationary state by emitting gravitational waves. Once non-linearities subside, these ringdown waves are dominated by exponentially-damped sinusoids, or quasinormal modes. We develop a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolas Yunes

We identify a new kind of physically realizable exceptional point (EP) corresponding to degenerate coherent perfect absorption, in which two purely incoming solutions of the wave operator for electromagnetic or acoustic waves coalesce to a…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-12 William R. Sweeney , Chia Wei Hsu , Stefan Rotter , A. Douglas Stone

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs), resulting from non-Hermitian degeneracies, have shown greater advantages in sensitive enhancement than second-order EPs (EP2s). Therefore, seeking higher-order EPs in various quantum systems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Wei Xiong , Zhuanxia Li , Yiling Song , Jiaojiao Chen , Guoqiang Zhang , Mingfeng Wang

There are two interesting classes of trapped null geodesics in any black hole spacetime: those that lie on the photon ring and those that generate the horizon. Recent work introduced a "near-ring" scaling limit that exhibits the emergent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-29 Daniel Kapec , Ahmed Sheta

Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit signal enhancement and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with…

As the fingerprints of black holes, quasinormal modes are closely associated with many properties of black holes. Especially, the ringdown phase of gravitational waveforms from the merger of compact binary components can be described by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Sen Yang , Wen-Di Guo , Qin Tan , Li Zhao , Yu-Xiao Liu

The correspondence between exotic quantum holonomy that occurs in families of Hermitian cycles, and exceptional points (EPs) for non-Hermitian quantum theory is examined in quantum kicked tops. Under a suitable condition, an explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-09 Atushi Tanaka , Sang Wook Kim , Taksu Cheon

We investigate exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) in electromagnetic scattering of a sphere dimer from the electroquasistatic limit to the fully retarded regime. In the quasistatic limit, we prove that $\parity\trev$-symmetric…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-29 Emanuele Corsaro , Filippo Capolino , Carlo Forestiere

The quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes plays a crucial role in the modelling of post-merger ringdown signals. However, the spectrum is extremely sensitive to small deformations of the system and describes the linear response only in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-12 Romeo Felice Rosato , Kyriakos Destounis , Paolo Pani

We investigate the connection between thermodynamic phase transitions and quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in charged black holes with a positive curvature constant, within the framework of $F(R)$-Euler-Heisenberg gravity. Nonlinear…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-13 Zi-Yu Hou , Yu-Qi Lei , Xian-Hui Ge

Exceptional point (EP) denotes the non-Hermitian degeneracy, in which both eigenvalues and eigenstates become identical. By the conventional local Markovian master equation, EP can be constructed by parity-time (PT) or anti-PT symmetry in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Dong Xie , Chunling Xu