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Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a black hole (BH) are the eigen modes describing the dissipative oscillation of various fields in that spacetime, which can be intrinsically produced by the linear perturbation theory. With the discovery of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-02 Yuqian Zhao , Bing Sun , Zhan-Feng Mai , Zhoujian Cao

Non-Hermitian systems and their topological singularities, such as exceptional points (EPs), lines, and surfaces, have recently attracted intense interest. The investigation of these exceptional constituents has led to fruitful…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-08 Liang Fang , Kai Bai , Cheng Guo , Tian-Rui Liu , Jia-Zheng Li , Meng Xiao

We present a new framework for characterizing quasinormal modes (QNMs) or resonant states for the wave equation on asymptotically flat spacetimes, applied to the setting of extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes. We show that QNMs can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-15 Dejan Gajic , Claude Warnick

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian singularities associated with the coalescence of individual eigenvectors accompanied by the degeneracy of their complex energies. Here, we report the discovery of a generalization to the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zhen Li , Xulong Wang , Rundong Cai , Kenji Shimomura , Congwei Lu , Zhesen Yang , Masatoshi Sato , Guancong Ma

The quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable against small modifications of the radial potential describing massless perturbations. We study how these small modifications affect the convergence of the quasinormal mode expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Naritaka Oshita , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso

Exceptional points (EPs), arising in non-Hermitian systems, have garnered significant attention in recent years, enabling advancements in sensing, wave manipulation, and mode selectivity. However, their role in quantum systems, particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Chenghe Yu , Mingsheng Tian , Ningxin Kong , Matteo Fadel , Xinyao Huang , Qiongyi He

Quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes can exhibit avoided crossings (ACs), in which specific QNM frequencies approach each other while their amplitudes are enhanced and acquire nearly opposite phases, leading to characteristic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-18 Hayato Imafuku , Naritaka Oshita , Hiroki Takeda

Phase transitions can dramatically alter system dynamics, unlocking new behavior and improving performance. Exceptional points (EPs), where the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a coupled linear system coalesce, are particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hanfeng Wang , Kurt Jacobs , Donald Fahey , Yong Hu , Dirk R. Englund , Matthew E. Trusheim

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) govern non-Hermitian system dynamics through their enriched and sharpened spectral topology, yet the intrinsic topological fragility hinders robust experimental realization. Here, we present a scalable…

Exceptional points (EPs), at which more than one eigenvalue and eigenvector coalesce, are unique spectral features of Non-Hermiticity (NH) systems. They exist widely in open systems with complex energy spectra. We experimentally demonstrate…

The ringdown of perturbed black holes has been studied since the 1970s, but until recently, studies have focused on linear perturbations. There is now burgeoning interest in nonlinear perturbative effects during ringdown. Here, using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-11 Patrick Bourg , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Andrew Spiers , Benjamin Leather , Bonga Béatrice , Adam Pound

We investigate the exceptional points (EPs) and their pseudospectra in black hole perturbation theory. By considering a Gaussian bump modification to the Regge-Wheeler potential with variable amplitude, position, and width parameters,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-24 Li-Ming Cao , Ming-Fei Ji , Liang-Bi Wu , Yu-Sen Zhou

Eigenvalue problems for electromagnetic resonant states on open dielectric structures are non-Hermitian and may have exceptional points (EPs) at which two or more eigenfrequencies and the corresponding eigenfunctions coalesce. EPs of…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-07 Amgad Abdrabou , Ya Yan Lu

Exceptional points (EPs) are complex singularities of parametric linear operators where two or more eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. EPs are attracting increasing interest in mechanical metamaterials due to their strong potentials for…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-04-05 Weidi Wang , Alireza V. Amirkhizi

Exceptional points (EPs) are special singularities of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. At an EP, two or more eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. Recently, EP-based optical gyroscope near an EP was extensively investigated to…

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies of non-Hermitian operators where, in addition to the eigenvalues, corresponding eigenmodes become degenerate. Classical and quantum photonic systems with EPs have attracted tremendous attention due…

Quantum physics can be extended into the complex domain by considering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. These exhibit exceptional points (EPs) where the eigenspectrum changes from purely real to purely imaginary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Jia-Jia Wang , Yu-Hong He , Chang-Geng Liao , Rong-Xin Chen , Jacob A. Dunningham

In recent years, particular physical phenomena enabled by non-Hermitian metamaterial systems have attracted significant research interests. In this paper, a non-Hermitian three-dimensional metamaterial near the exceptional point (EP) is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Yanjie Wu , Ding Zhang , Qiuyu Li , Hai Lin , Xintong Shi , Jie Xiong , Haoquan Hu , Jing Tian , Bian Wu , Y. Liu

Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities that arise in non-Hermitian physics. Current research efforts focus only on systems supporting isolated EPs characterized by increased sensitivity to external perturbations, which makes them…

Non-Hermitian operators are now routinely used to describe few-mode systems such as optical resonators and superconducting qubits, and exceptional points (EPs) are defective spectral singularities of such non-Hermitian operators. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Okuto Morikawa , Shoya Ogawa , Soma Onoda