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Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have enabled a wide range of applications on near-term quantum devices. However, their scalability is fundamentally limited by barren plateaus, where the probability of encountering large gradients…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Elias Zapusek , Ivan Rojkov , Florentin Reiter

Several architectures have been proposed for quantum neural networks (QNNs), with the goal of efficiently performing machine learning tasks on quantum data. Rigorous scaling results are urgently needed for specific QNN constructions to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Kunal Sharma , M. Cerezo , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Dynamical Lie algebras (DLAs) have emerged as a valuable tool in the study of parameterized quantum circuits, helping to characterize both their expressiveness and trainability. In particular, the absence or presence of barren plateaus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Jonathan Allcock , Miklos Santha , Pei Yuan , Shengyu Zhang

The barren plateau phenomenon, characterized by loss gradients that vanish exponentially with system size, poses a challenge to scaling variational quantum algorithms. Here we explore the potential of warm starts, whereby one initializes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Ricard Puig , Marc Drudis , Supanut Thanasilp , Zoë Holmes

In this work, we propose a parameterised quantum circuit learning approach to point set matching problem. In contrast to previous annealing-based methods, we propose a quantum circuit-based framework whose parameters are optimised via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mohammadreza Noormandipour , Hanchen Wang

Variational quantum algorithms are practical approaches to prepare ground states, but their potential for quantum advantage remains unclear. Here, we use differentiable 2D tensor networks (TN) to optimize parameterized quantum circuits that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Baptiste Anselme Martin , Thomas Ayral

Variational Quantum Algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm for near-term quantum computation. In such algorithms, a parameterized quantum circuit is controlled via a classical optimization method that seeks to minimize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Javier Rivera-Dean , Patrick Huembeli , Antonio Acín , Joseph Bowles

Binary neural networks, i.e., neural networks whose parameters and activations are constrained to only two possible values, offer a compelling avenue for the deployment of deep learning models on energy- and memory-limited devices. However,…

Scaling of variational quantum algorithms to large problem sizes requires efficient optimization of random parameterized quantum circuits. For such circuits with uncorrelated parameters, the presence of exponentially vanishing gradients in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-28 Tyler Volkoff , Patrick J. Coles

This paper introduces a novel run-time testing, analysis, and code optimization (TACO) method for quantum neural network (QNN) software in advanced Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems, which visually presents the learning performance that is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

Variational quantum algorithms are promising candidates for near-term quantum computing but can be hindered by barren plateaus, where gradients vanish exponentially and optimization becomes intractable. Noise-Induced Barren Plateaus (NIBP)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Sebastian Schmitt , Linus Ekstrøm , Alberto Bottarelli , Xavier Bonet-Monroig

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) optimize the parameters $\vec{\theta}$ of a parametrized quantum circuit $V(\vec{\theta})$ to minimize a cost function $C$. While VQAs may enable practical applications of noisy quantum computers, they…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 M. Cerezo , Akira Sone , Tyler Volkoff , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Neural networks trained via gradient descent with random initialization and without any regularization enjoy good generalization performance in practice despite being highly overparametrized. A promising direction to explain this phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Hancheng Min , Salma Tarmoun , Rene Vidal , Enrique Mallada

Fault-tolerant quantum computers offer the promise of dramatically improving machine learning through speed-ups in computation or improved model scalability. In the near-term, however, the benefits of quantum machine learning are not so…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Amira Abbas , David Sutter , Christa Zoufal , Aurélien Lucchi , Alessio Figalli , Stefan Woerner

Characterization of quantum objects, being them states, processes, or measurements, complemented by previous knowledge about them is a valuable approach, especially as it leads to routine procedures for real-life components. To this end,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Massimiliano Guarneri , Ilaria Gianani , Marco Barbieri , Andrea Chiuri

Graph structures are ubiquitous throughout the natural sciences. Here we consider graph-structured quantum data and describe how to carry out its quantum machine learning via quantum neural networks. In particular, we consider training data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Kerstin Beer , Megha Khosla , Julius Köhler , Tobias J. Osborne

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are crucial for quantum machine learning and circuit synthesis, enabling the practical implementation of complex quantum tasks. However, PQC learning has been largely confined to classical optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Keren Li , Yuanfeng Wang , Pan Gao , Shenggen Zheng

We propose an algorithm for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to optimize the structure of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) efficiently. The algorithm optimizes the PQC structure on-the-fly in VQA by sequentially replacing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Kaito Wada , Rudy Raymond , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

The training of Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) is hindered by the high computational cost of gradient estimation and the barren plateau problem, where optimization landscapes become intractably flat. To address these challenges, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Christopher Kverne , Mayur Akewar , Yuqian Huo , Tirthak Patel , Janki Bhimani

Parametrised quantum circuits are a central framework for near term quantum machine learning. However, it remains challenging to determine in advance how architectural choices, such as encoding strategies, gate placement, and entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Kyle James Stuart Campbell , Luigi Del Debbio , Petros Wallden