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Even when factually correct, social-media news previews (image-headline pairs) can induce interpretation drift: by selectively omitting crucial context, they lead readers to form judgments that diverge from what the full article supports.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Fanxiao Li , Jiaying Wu , Tingchao Fu , Dayang Li , Herun Wan , Wei Zhou , Min-Yen Kan

Multimodal out-of-context (OOC) misinformation is misinformation that repurposes real images with unrelated or misleading captions. Detecting such misinformation is challenging because it requires resolving the context of the claim before…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sharad Duwal , Mir Nafis Sharear Shopnil , Abhishek Tyagi , Adiba Mahbub Proma

Automatic misinformation detection performs well when deception is visible in what an article explicitly states. However, some misinformation articles remain locally coherent and only become misleading once compared with contemporaneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hui Li , Zhongquan Jian , Jinsong Su , Junfeng Yao

As recent events have demonstrated, disinformation spread through social networks can have dire political, economic and social consequences. Detecting disinformation must inevitably rely on the structure of the network, on users…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Marius Paraschiv , Nikos Salamanos , Costas Iordanou , Nikolaos Laoutaris , Michael Sirivianos

Misinformation continues to pose a significant challenge in today's information ecosystem, profoundly shaping public perception and behavior. Among its various manifestations, Out-of-Context (OOC) misinformation is particularly obscure, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yin Wu , Zhengxuan Zhang , Fuling Wang , Yuyu Luo , Hui Xiong , Nan Tang

Misinformation is a prevalent societal issue due to its potential high risks. Out-of-context (OOC) misinformation, where authentic images are repurposed with false text, is one of the easiest and most effective ways to mislead audiences.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Peng Qi , Zehong Yan , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

In this paper, we delve into the rapidly evolving challenge of misinformation detection, with a specific focus on the nuanced manipulation of narrative frames - an under-explored area within the AI community. The potential for Generative AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Guan Wang , Rebecca Frederick , Jinglong Duan , William Wong , Verica Rupar , Weihua Li , Quan Bai

Fact verification systems typically assess whether a claim is supported by retrieved evidence, assuming that truthfulness depends solely on what is stated. However, many real-world claims are half-truths, factually correct yet misleading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yixuan Tang , Jincheng Wang , Anthony K. H. Tung

Fake news detection is an important and challenging task for defending online information integrity. Existing state-of-the-art approaches typically extract news semantic clues, such as writing patterns that include emotional words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhengjia Wang , Qiang Sheng , Danding Wang , Beizhe Hu , Juan Cao

Explainable fake news detection aims to assess the veracity of news claims while providing human-friendly explanations. Existing methods incorporating investigative journalism are often inefficient and struggle with breaking news. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bo Wang , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Zhiwei Yang , Ruichao Yang , Yuan Tian , Yi Chang

Website reliability labels underpin almost all research in misinformation detection. However, misinformation sources often exhibit transient behavior, which makes many such labeled lists obsolete over time. We demonstrate that Search Engine…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Peter Carragher , Evan M. Williams , Kathleen M. Carley

AI-generated content (AIGC) technology has emerged as a prevalent alternative to create multimodal misinformation on social media platforms, posing unprecedented threats to societal safety. However, standard prompting leverages multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junjie Wu , Yumeng Fu , Chen Gong , Guohong Fu

The global spread of misinformation and concerns about content trustworthiness have driven the development of automated fact-checking systems. Since false information often exploits social media dynamics such as "likes" and user networks to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vítor N. Lourenço , Aline Paes , Tillman Weyde

This article revisits the widely studied problem of disinformation and related phenomena in online social networks (OSNs) by reframing it as a broader problem of misrepresentation. While disinformation is commonly understood as the…

Recent years have witnessed the sustained evolution of misinformation that aims at manipulating public opinions. Unlike traditional rumors or fake news editors who mainly rely on generated and/or counterfeited images, text and videos,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yizhou Zhang , Loc Trinh , Defu Cao , Zijun Cui , Yan Liu

To resolve the semantic ambiguity in texts, we propose a model, which innovatively combines a knowledge graph with an improved attention mechanism. An existing knowledge base is utilized to enrich the text with relevant contextual concepts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siyu Li , Lu Chen , Chenwei Song , Xinyi Liu

Out-of-context misinformation (OOC) is a low-cost form of misinformation in news reports, which refers to place authentic images into out-of-context or fabricated image-text pairings. This problem has attracted significant attention from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xi Yang , Han Zhang , Zhijian Lin , Yibiao Hu , Hong Han

Unsupervised Multiplex Graph Learning (UMGL) aims to learn node representations on various edge types without manual labeling. However, existing research overlooks a key factor: the reliability of the graph structure. Real-world data often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhixiang Shen , Shuo Wang , Zhao Kang

Misinformation has become a major challenge in the era of increasing digital information, requiring the development of effective detection methods. We have investigated a novel approach to Out-Of-Context detection (OOCD) that uses synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fatma Shalabi , Huy H. Nguyen , Hichem Felouat , Ching-Chun Chang , Isao Echizen

In light of the growing impact of disinformation on social, economic, and political landscapes, accurate and efficient identification methods are increasingly critical. This paper introduces HyperGraphDis, a novel approach for detecting…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Nikos Salamanos , Pantelitsa Leonidou , Nikolaos Laoutaris , Michael Sirivianos , Maria Aspri , Marius Paraschiv
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