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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise applications, yet their reliability remains limited by hallucinations, i.e., confident but factually incorrect information. Existing detection approaches, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Channdeth Sok , David Luz , Yacine Haddam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Current hybrid RAG system retrieves evidence from both knowledge graphs (KGs) and text documents to support LLM reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to improve factuality in large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in retrieved documents. However, ensuring perfect retrieval of relevant information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhan Peng Lee , Andre Lin , Calvin Tan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been proposed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), where generated outputs may be factually incorrect. However, existing RAG approaches predominantly rely on vector similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Miao Xie , Xiao Zhang , Yi Li , Chunli Lv

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external corpora, its effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Su Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Yilin Xiao , Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Xiao Huang

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) requires integrating knowledge scattered across multiple passages to derive the correct answer. Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods primarily focus on coarse-grained textual semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Changjian Wang , Weihong Deng , Weili Guan , Quan Lu , Ning Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) continue to hallucinate in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), producing claims that are unsupported by or conflict with the retrieved context. Detecting such errors remains challenging when faithfulness is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Boxi Yu , Yuzhong Zhang , Liting Lin , Lionel Briand , Emir Muñoz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively reduces hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) but can still produce inconsistent or unsupported content. Although LLM-as-a-Judge is widely used for RAG hallucination detection due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhouyu Jiang , Mengshu Sun , Zhiqiang Zhang , Lei Liang

LLMs obtain remarkable performance but suffer from hallucinations. Most research on detecting hallucination focuses on the questions with short and concrete correct answers that are easy to check the faithfulness. Hallucination detections…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xinyue Fang , Zhen Huang , Zhiliang Tian , Minghui Fang , Ziyi Pan , Quntian Fang , Zhihua Wen , Hengyue Pan , Dongsheng Li

To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Min-Hsuan Yeh , Max Kamachee , Seongheon Park , Yixuan Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving factual accuracy in large language models (LLMs). We introduce a benchmark designed to evaluate RAG pipelines as a whole, evaluating a pipeline's ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samuel Hildebrand , Curtis Taylor , Sean Oesch , James M Ghawaly , Amir Sadovnik , Ryan Shivers , Brandon Schreiber , Kevin Kurian

As connected and automated transportation systems evolve, there is a growing need for federal and state authorities to revise existing laws and develop new statutes to address emerging cybersecurity and data privacy challenges. This study…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models are critically undermined by citation hallucinations, a deceptive failure where a model cites a source that fails to support its claim. While existing work attributes hallucination to a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Maxime Dassen , Rebecca Kotula , Kenton Murray , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , Efsun Kayi , James Mayfield , Kevin Duh

Hallucination, or the generation of incorrect or fabricated information, remains a critical challenge in large language models (LLMs), particularly in high-stake domains such as legal question answering (QA). In order to mitigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yinghao Hu , Leilei Gan , Wenyi Xiao , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Conventional Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches are common in text-based applications. However, they struggle with structured, interconnected datasets like knowledge graphs, where understanding underlying relationships is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Savini Kashmira , Jayanaka L. Dantanarayana , Krisztián Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in text generation and knowledge-intensive question answering. Nevertheless, they are prone to producing hallucinated content, which severely undermines their reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) for legal applications, but its reliability is critically dependent on the accuracy of the retrieval step. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Markus Reuter , Tobias Lingenberg , Rūta Liepiņa , Francesca Lagioia , Marco Lippi , Giovanni Sartor , Andrea Passerini , Burcu Sayin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, yet they often produce hallucinated content that undermines factual reliability. To address this challenge, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yaxin Zhao , Yu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) face limitations in AI legal and policy applications due to outdated knowledge, hallucinations, and poor reasoning in complex contexts. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address these issues by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Rishi Kalra , Zekun Wu , Ayesha Gulley , Airlie Hilliard , Xin Guan , Adriano Koshiyama , Philip Treleaven

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect statements when handling questions beyond their knowledge and perception. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses this by retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Zeyang Cui , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Jiannong Cao , Xiao Huang