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Spatial computing architectures pose an attractive alternative to mitigate control and data movement overheads typical of load-store architectures. In practice, these devices are rarely considered in the HPC community due to the steep…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Tiziano De Matteis , Johannes de Fine Licht , Torsten Hoefler

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) has transformed the development of complex Hardware IPs (HWIP) by offering abstraction and configurability through languages like SystemC/C++, particularly for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerators in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Mukta Debnath , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Debasri Saha , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Spatial computing architectures promise a major stride in performance and energy efficiency over the traditional load/store devices currently employed in large scale computing systems. The adoption of high-level synthesis (HLS) from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Johannes de Fine Licht , Maciej Besta , Simon Meierhans , Torsten Hoefler

The rapid scaling of large language model (LLM) training and inference has driven their adoption in semiconductor design across academia and industry. While most prior work evaluates LLMs on hardware description language (HDL) tasks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Abi-Karam , Cong Hao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Hyperspectral imaging is gathering significant attention due to its potential in various domains such as geology, agriculture, ecology, and surveillance. However, the associated processing algorithms, which are essential for enhancing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-04 El Mehdi Abdali , Daniele Picone , Mauro Dalla-Mura , Stéphane Mancini

High-level synthesis (HLS) is an automated design process that transforms high-level code into hardware designs, enabling the rapid development of hardware accelerators. HLS relies on pragmas, which are directives inserted into the source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Rongjian Liang , Weikai Li , Ding Wang , Haoxing Ren , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Embedded systems continue to rapidly proliferate in diverse fields, including medical devices, autonomous vehicles, and more generally, the Internet of Things (IoT). Many embedded systems require application-specific hardware components to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yuchao Liao , Tosiron Adegbija , Roman Lysecky

High-level synthesis (HLS) accelerates hardware design by enabling the automatic translation of high-level descriptions into efficient hardware implementations. However, debugging HLS code is a challenging and labor-intensive task,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jing Wang , Shang Liu , Yao Lu , Zhiyao Xie

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools offer rapid hardware design from C code, but their compatibility is limited by code constructs. This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) for refactoring C code into HLS-compatible formats. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Luca Collini , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is well-suited for experimenting with advanced wireless communication systems, as it allows to alter the architecture promptly while obtaining high performance.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Thijs Havinga , Xianjun Jiao , Wei Liu , Ingrid Moerman

The rise of Large Language Models (LLM) has increased the need for scalable, high-performance inference systems, yet most existing frameworks assume homogeneous, resource-rich hardware, often unrealistic in academic, or resource-constrained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pedro Antunes , Ana Rita Ortigoso , Gabriel Vieira , Daniel Fuentes , Luís Frazão , Nuno Costa , António Pereira

We describe the implementation of Boosted Decision Trees in the hls4ml library, which allows the translation of a trained model into FPGA firmware through an automated conversion process. Thanks to its fully on-chip implementation, hls4ml…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

We present our development experience and recent results for the MLPerf Tiny Inference Benchmark on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. We use the open-source hls4ml and FINN workflows, which aim to democratize AI-hardware…

High-level synthesis (HLS) accelerates FPGA design by rapidly generating diverse implementations using optimization directives. However, even with cycle-accurate C/RTL co-simulation, the reported clock cycles often differ significantly from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jiho Kim , Cong Hao

We introduce an automated tool for deploying ultra low-latency, low-power deep neural networks with convolutional layers on FPGAs. By extending the hls4ml library, we demonstrate an inference latency of $5\,\mu$s using convolutional…

The growing complexity of hardware design and the widening gap between high-level specifications and register-transfer level (RTL) implementation hinder rapid prototyping and system design. We introduce NL2GDS (Natural Language to Layout),…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Max Eland , Jeyan Thiyagalingam , Dinesh Pamunuwa , Roshan Weerasekera

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu