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The rapid emergence of generative AI models like Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated its utility across various activities, including within Requirements Engineering (RE). Ensuring the quality and accuracy of LLM-generated output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Krishna Ronanki , Simon Arvidsson , Johan Axell

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promising versatile capabilities, their performance is still inferior to specialized models on downstream tasks, which makes adaptation necessary to enhance their utility.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Siyuan Zhang , Tianzan Min , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive few-shot learning capabilities through in-context learning (ICL). However, ICL performance is highly dependent on the choice of few-shot demonstrations, making the selection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Soumyabrata Pal , Koyel Mukherjee , Dinesh Manocha

Large foundation models enable powerful reasoning for autonomous systems, but mapping semantic intent to reliable real-time control remains challenging. Existing approaches either (i) let Large Language Models (LLMs) generate trajectories…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jiayi Chen , Shuai Wang , Guangxu Zhu , Chengzhong Xu

With the development of Large Language Models (LLM), numerous prompts have been proposed, each with a rich set of features and their own merits. This paper summarizes the prompt words for large language models (LLMs), categorizing them into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Chenggian Ma , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunhui Zhang , Yanzhao Qin , Wentao Zhang

Multilingual pretrained language models (MPLMs) have demonstrated substantial performance improvements in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer across various natural language understanding tasks by finetuning MPLMs on task-specific labelled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Bolei Ma , Ercong Nie , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Large Language Models, particularly decoder-only generative models such as GPT, are increasingly used to automate Software Engineering tasks. These models are primarily guided through natural language prompts, making prompt engineering a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Korn , Lea Zaruchas , Chetan Arora , Andreas Metzger , Sven Smolka , Fanyu Wang , Andreas Vogelsang

Large language models (LLMs), inspired by neuroscience, exhibit behaviors that often evoke a sense of personality and intelligence-yet the mechanisms behind these effects remain elusive. Here, we operationalize Conceptual Blending Theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Makoto Sato

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold considerable promise for applications in healthcare. However, their deployment in safety-critical settings is hindered by two key limitations: (i) sensitivity to prompt design, and (ii) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Anita Kriz , Elizabeth Laura Janes , Xing Shen , Tal Arbel

Prompt-tuning is an emerging strategy to adapt large language models (LLM) to downstream tasks by learning a (soft-)prompt parameter from data. Despite its success in LLMs, there is limited theoretical understanding of the power of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Samet Oymak , Ankit Singh Rawat , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Christos Thrampoulidis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the field of computing education with their powerful code-generating capabilities. Traditional pedagogical practices have focused on code writing tasks, but there is now a shift in importance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Paul Denny , Juho Leinonen , James Prather , Andrew Luxton-Reilly , Thezyrie Amarouche , Brett A. Becker , Brent N. Reeves

Prompt engineering has emerged as an integral technique for extending the strengths and abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to gain significant performance gains in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This approach, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Munazza Zaib , Elaf Alhazmi

To bridge the gap between vision and language modalities, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) usually learn an adapter that converts visual inputs to understandable tokens for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, most adapters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yue Zhang , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

In recent years, Large Language Models have garnered significant attention for their strong performance in various natural language tasks, such as machine translation and question answering. These models demonstrate an impressive ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Qibang Liu , Wenzhe Wang , Jeffrey Willard

The use of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks is rapidly increasing, leading to changes in how researchers approach problems in the field. To fully utilize these models' abilities, a better understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Bishal Santra , Sakya Basak , Abhinandan De , Manish Gupta , Pawan Goyal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in medical knowledge assessments, yet their practical utility in real-world clinical decision-making remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mengdi Chai , Ali R. Zomorrodi

Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), which have achieved human-level performance across various complex vision-language tasks. Following LLaVA's paradigm, mainstream LVLMs typically employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiaqi Liao , Yuwei Niu , Fanqing Meng , Hao Li , Changyao Tian , Yinuo Du , Yuwen Xiong , Dianqi Li , Xizhou Zhu , Li Yuan , Jifeng Dai , Yu Cheng

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods harness previous experiences to derive an optimal policy, forming the foundation for pre-trained large-scale models (PLMs). When encountering tasks not seen before, PLMs often utilize several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shengchao Hu , Wanru Zhao , Weixiong Lin , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Evaluating LLMs with a single prompt has proven unreliable, with small changes leading to significant performance differences. However, generating the prompt variations needed for a more robust multi-prompt evaluation is challenging,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Eliya Habba , Noam Dahan , Gili Lior , Gabriel Stanovsky