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Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) presents a strong potential in enlarging the size of language model to trillions of parameters. However, training trillion-scale MoE requires algorithm and system co-design for a well-tuned high performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jiaao He , Jiezhong Qiu , Aohan Zeng , Zhilin Yang , Jidong Zhai , Jie Tang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) benefits from a dynamic routing mechanism among their specialized experts, which existing Parameter- Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) strategies fail to leverage. This motivates us to investigate whether adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yilun Liu , Yunpu Ma , Yuetian Lu , Shuo Chen , Zifeng Ding , Volker Tresp

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach for scaling Transformer models. While initial works primarily incorporated MoE into feed-forward network (FFN) layers, recent studies have explored extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuanhang Yang , Chaozheng Wang , Jing Li

Non-stationary time series forecasting is challenged by evolving distribution shifts that static models struggle to capture. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a promising paradigm for decoupling complex drift patterns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiawen Zhu , Shuhan Liu , Di Weng , Yingcai Wu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable neural networks through conditional computation, offering enhanced effectiveness and efficiency for next-generation wireless communications. However, deploying MoE with federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boyang Zhang , Xiaobing Chen , Songyang Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Xiangwei Zhou , Jian Zhang , Mingxuan Sun

The sparsely activated mixture of experts (MoE) model presents a promising alternative to traditional densely activated (dense) models, enhancing both quality and computational efficiency. However, training MoE models from scratch demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xingkui Zhu , Yiran Guan , Dingkang Liang , Yuchao Chen , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Estimating uncertainty in text-to-image diffusion models is challenging because of their large parameter counts (often exceeding 100 million) and operation in complex, high-dimensional spaces with virtually infinite input possibilities. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lucas Berry , Axel Brando , Wei-Di Chang , Juan Camilo Gamboa Higuera , David Meger

Expert parallelism is vital for effectively training Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, enabling different devices to host distinct experts, with each device processing different input data. However, during expert parallel training, dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinyi Liu , Yujie Wang , Fangcheng Fu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Bin Cui

Mixture of Experts (MoEs) have become a central component of many state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary large language models. Despite their widespread adoption, it remains unclear how close existing MoE architectures are to optimal…

In this paper, we aim to build a robust question answering system that can adapt to out-of-domain datasets. A single network may overfit to the superficial correlation in the training distribution, but with a meaningful number of expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Yu Qing Zhou , Xixuan Julie Liu , Yuanzhe Dong

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various image generation tasks, but their performance is often limited by the uniform processing of inputs across varying conditions and noise levels. To address this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Minglei Shi , Ziyang Yuan , Haotian Yang , Xintao Wang , Mingwu Zheng , Xin Tao , Wenliang Zhao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models achieve efficient scaling through sparse expert activation, but often suffer from suboptimal routing decisions due to distribution shifts in deployment. While existing test-time adaptation methods could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Guinan Su , Yanwu Yang , Li Shen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Jonas Geiping

Larger networks generally have greater representational power at the cost of increased computational complexity. Sparsifying such networks has been an active area of research but has been generally limited to static regularization or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Xin Wang , Fisher Yu , Lisa Dunlap , Yi-An Ma , Ruth Wang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Trevor Darrell , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Models via expert specialization induced by conditional computation. In practice, however, expert specialization often fails: some experts become functionally similar, while others…

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

While modern internet services, such as chatbots, search engines, and online advertising, demand the use of large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs), distributed training and inference over heterogeneous computing systems are desired to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Dianhai Yu , Liang Shen , Hongxiang Hao , Weibao Gong , Huachao Wu , Jiang Bian , Lirong Dai , Haoyi Xiong

Pretraining on a large-scale corpus has become a standard method to build general language models (LMs). Adapting a model to new data distributions targeting different downstream tasks poses significant challenges. Naive fine-tuning may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Wuyang Chen , Yanqi Zhou , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , James Laudon , Zhifeng Chen , Claire Cu

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has driven the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising solution to scale model capacity while controlling computational costs. However, deploying MoE models in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Muqing Li , Ning Li , Xin Yuan , Wenchao Xu , Quan Chen , Song Guo , Haijun Zhang
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