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Related papers: LLM-as-a-Judge for Scalable Test Coverage Evaluati…

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The LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm shows promise for evaluating generative content but lacks reliability in reasoning-intensive scenarios, such as programming. Inspired by recent advances in reasoning models and shifts in scaling laws, we pioneer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yutong Wang , Pengliang Ji , Chaoqun Yang , Kaixin Li , Ming Hu , Jiaoyang Li , Guillaume Sartoretti

While LLM-as-a-Judge is widely used in automated evaluation, existing validation practices primarily operate at the level of observed outputs, offering limited insight into whether LLM judges themselves function as stable and reliable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Junhyuk Choi , Sohhyung Park , Chanhee Cho , Hyeonchu Park , Bugeun Kim

Scaling test-time computation, or affording a generator large language model (LLM) extra compute during inference, typically employs the help of external non-generative evaluators (i.e., reward models). Concurrently, LLM-judges, models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yilun Zhou , Austin Xu , Peifeng Wang , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

The ability to rigorously estimate the failure rates of large language models (LLMs) is a prerequisite for their safe deployment. Currently, however, practitioners often face a tradeoff between expensive human gold standards and potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Minghe Shen , Ananth Balashankar , Adam Fisch , David Madras , Miguel Rodrigues

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, reliable evaluation methods are essential particularly for open-ended, instruction-following tasks. LLM-as-a-Judge enables automatic evaluation using LLMs as evaluators, but its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yusuke Yamauchi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-judge) has revealed critical inconsistencies in current evaluation frameworks. We identify two fundamental types of inconsistencies: (1) Score-Comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yidong Wang , Yunze Song , Tingyuan Zhu , Xuanwang Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Hao Chen , Chiyu Song , Qiufeng Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Evaluating answers from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) is challenging: lexical metrics miss semantic nuances, whereas "LLM-as-Judge" scoring is computationally expensive. We re-evaluate a lightweight alternative --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sai Shridhar Balamurali , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in Automated Essay Scoring (AES), but their zero-shot and few-shot performance often falls short compared to state-of-the-art models and human raters. However, fine-tuning LLMs for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Seungju Kim , Meounggun Jo

Automated text evaluation has long been a central issue in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, the field has shifted toward using Large Language Models (LLMs) as evaluators-a trend known as the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mohammad Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani , Hamid Beigy

We present the Judge Reliability Harness, an open source library for constructing validation suites that test the reliability of LLM judges. As LLM based scoring is widely deployed in AI benchmarks, more tooling is needed to efficiently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sunishchal Dev , Andrew Sloan , Joshua Kavner , Nicholas Kong , Morgan Sandler

Accurate evaluation is central to the large language model (LLM) ecosystem, guiding model selection and downstream adoption across diverse use cases. In practice, however, evaluating generative outputs typically relies on rigid lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Nicolas Boizard , Emmanuel Malherbe , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly used as a building block in data systems to process large text datasets. To do so, LLM model providers offer multiple LLMs with different sizes, spanning various cost-quality trade-offs…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Sepanta Zeighami , Shreya Shankar , Aditya Parameswaran

As foundation models continue to scale, the size of trained models grows exponentially, presenting significant challenges for their evaluation. Current evaluation practices involve curating increasingly large datasets to assess the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-08 Ganghua Wang , Zhaorun Chen , Bo Li , Haifeng Xu

Extractive reading comprehension question answering (QA) datasets are typically evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and F1-score, but these metrics often fail to fully capture model performance. With the success of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Akiko Aizawa

While existing benchmarks demonstrate the near-perfect performance of large language models (LLMs) on various tasks, this apparent saturation often obscures the need for rigorous evaluation of their reliability. In real-world deployment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Eungyeup Kim , Chenchen Gu , Vashisth Tiwari , J. Zico Kolter

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly serve as research assistants, yet their reliability in scholarly tasks remains under-evaluated. In this work, we introduce PaperAsk, a benchmark that systematically evaluates LLMs across four key…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yutao Wu , Xiao Liu , Yunhao Feng , Jiale Ding , Xingjun Ma

Enterprise Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) assistants operate in multi-turn, case-based workflows such as technical support and IT operations, where evaluation must reflect operational constraints, structured identifiers (e.g., error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Mukul Chhabra , Luigi Medrano , Arush Verma

Using a language model to score or rank candidate responses has become a scalable alternative to human evaluation in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) pipelines, benchmarking, and application layer evaluations. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ryan Lail , Luke Markham

There is increasing interest in the adoption of LLMs in HCI research. However, LLMs may often be regarded as a panacea because of their powerful capabilities with an accompanying oversight on whether they are suitable for their intended…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Gionnieve Lim , Simon T. Perrault

Large Language Models have been recently exploited as judges for complex natural language processing tasks, such as Q&A. The basic idea is to delegate to an LLM the assessment of the "quality" of the output provided by an automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Giuseppe Crupi , Rosalia Tufano , Alejandro Velasco , Antonio Mastropaolo , Denys Poshyvanyk , Gabriele Bavota