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Same-model self-verification, prompting a model to audit its own predicted answer, is a plausible confidence signal for selective prediction, but its practical value remains unclear once strong likelihood-based baselines are taken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aditya Ajay Phalod

Large language models (LLMs) show strong capabilities in general reasoning but typically lack reliability in scientific domains like quantum mechanics, which demand strict adherence to physical constraints. This limitation arises from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Songxin Qu , Tai-Ping Sun , Yun-Jie Wang , Huan-Yu Liu , Cheng Xue , Xiao-Fan Xu , Han Fang , Yang Yang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo , Zhao-Yun Chen

We introduce Reasoning Core, a new scalable environment for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), designed to advance foundational symbolic reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike existing benchmarks that focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Valentin Lacombe , Valentin Quesnel , Damien Sileo

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at complex tasks using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, their tendency to overthinking leads to unnecessarily lengthy reasoning chains, dramatically increasing inference costs. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zigeng Chen , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Ruonan Yu , Xinchao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as scientific AI as- sistants, and a growing body of benchmarks evaluates their capabilities across knowledge retrieval, reasoning, code generation, and tool use. These evaluations,…

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly advanced remote sensing interpretation, enabling them to perform complex, step-by-step reasoning remains highly challenging. Recent efforts to introduce Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lang Sun , Ronghao Fu , Zhuoran Duan , Haoran Liu , Xueyan Liu , Bo Yang

Large language models (LLMs) can act as both problem solvers and solution verifiers, where the latter select high-quality answers from a pool of solver-generated candidates. This raises the question of under what conditions verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jack Lu , Ryan Teehan , Jinran Jin , Mengye Ren

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Recent neural theorem provers use reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where proof assistants provide binary correctness signals. While verifiable rewards are cheap and scalable without reward hacking issues, they suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zeynel A. Uluşan , Burak S. Akbudak , Can S. Erer , Gözde Gül Şahin

Large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning, yet post-training remains critical for aligning their behavior with task goals. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods often depend on costly human annotations or external reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Pengyi Li , Matvey Skripkin , Alexander Zubrey , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

Language models (LMs) can solve tasks such as answering questions about tables or images by writing programs. However, using primitive functions often leads to verbose and error-prone programs, and higher-level functions require expert…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Zhiruo Wang , Daniel Fried , Graham Neubig

Recent large language models often answer factual questions correctly. But users can't trust any given claim a model makes without fact-checking, because language models can hallucinate convincing nonsense. In this work we use reinforcement…

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) often struggle with geometric reasoning due to visual hallucinations and a lack of mathematically precise Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data. To address this, we propose the GeoSym Engine, an automated and scalable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinhao Jing , Zheng Ma , Jinwei Liang , Qiannian Zhao , Shawn Chen , Jing Yang , Por Lip Yee , Prayag Tiwari , Jingjing Bai , Benyou Wang , Lewei Lu , Zhan Su

Recent advances of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have highlighted its potential in complex reasoning tasks, yet effective training often relies on external supervision, which limits the broader applicability. In this work, we propose a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Yingjie Wang , Baisheng Lai , Jieping Ye , Mingli Song , Dacheng Tao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, motivating efforts to leverage these models to supervise robot learning. However, when used as evaluators in reinforcement learning (RL), today's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Philip Schroeder , Thomas Weng , Karl Schmeckpeper , Eric Rosen , Stephen Hart , Ondrej Biza

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) can significantly enhance reasoning abilities by directly optimizing correctness, rather than relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Chuanyang Zheng , Jingyao Li , Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Hong Cheng

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves reasoning in large language models but treats all correct solutions equally, potentially reinforcing flawed traces that get correct answers by chance. We observe that better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tiehua Mei , Minxuan Lv , Leiyu Pan , Zhenpeng Su , Hongru Hou , Hengrui Chen , Ao Xu , Deqing Yang

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing competence in solving mathematical reasoning problems. However, many open-source LLMs still struggle with errors in calculation and semantic understanding during intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vernon Y. H. Toh , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

In this work, we propose a novel method named \textbf{Auto}mated \textbf{P}rocess-\textbf{S}upervised \textbf{V}erifier (\textbf{\textsc{AutoPSV}}) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jianqiao Lu , Zhiyang Dou , Hongru Wang , Zeyu Cao , Jianbo Dai , Yingjia Wan , Zhijiang Guo