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Data assimilation addresses the general problem of how to combine model-based predictions with partial and noisy observations of the process in an optimal manner. This survey focuses on sequential data assimilation techniques using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Sebastian Reich

A method of data assimilation (DA) is employed to estimate electrophysiological parameters of neurons simultaneously with their synaptic connectivity in a small model biological network. The DA procedure is cast as an optimization, with a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-05 Eve Armstrong

This study investigates the integration of machine learning (ML) and data assimilation (DA) techniques, focusing on implementing surrogate models for Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) projects while maintaining high fidelity physical results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 G. S. Seabra , N. T. Mücke , V. L. S. Silva , D. Voskov , F. Vossepoel

Data assimilation (DA) estimates the state of an evolving dynamical system from noisy, partial observations, and is widely used in scientific simulation as well as weather and climate science. In practice, filtering methods rely on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Yixuan Jia , Siyi Chen , Yida Pan , Xiao Li , Lianghe Shi , Chanyong Jung , Haijie Yuan , Ismail Alkhouri , Yue Cynthia Wu , Saiprasad Ravishankar , Jeffrey A Fessler , Qing Qu

We propose a novel learning-based surrogate data assimilation (DA) model for efficient state estimation in a limited area. Our model employs a feedforward neural network for online computation, eliminating the need for integrating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Wei Kang , Liang Xu , Hong Zhou

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization method that improves generalization performance of machine learning models. Despite its superior generalization, SAM has not been actively used in real-world applications due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Junhyuk Jo , Jihyun Lim , Sunwoo Lee

Data assimilation (DA) aims at optimally merging observational data and model outputs to create a coherent statistical and dynamical picture of the system under investigation. Indeed, DA aims at minimizing the effect of observational and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-01-05 Yumeng Chen , Alberto Carrassi , Valerio Lucarini

Shallow water equations are extensively considered in the domains of oceans, atmospheric modelling, and engineering research (Franca et al., 2022), which play significant roles in floods and tsunami governance. Nonetheless, the accurate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-09-22 Ruijia Yu

Data assimilation (DA) provides a general framework for estimation in dynamical systems based on the concepts of Bayesian inference. This constitutes a common basis for the different linear and nonlinear filtering and smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Tarek Diaa-Eldeen , Marcus Krogh Nielsen , Carl Fredrik Berg , Morten Hovd , John Bagterp Jørgensen

A state-space model is a statistical framework for inferring latent states from observed time-series data. However, inference with nonlinear and high-dimensional state-space models remains challenging. To this end, an approach based on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuma Yamaoka , Seiichi Uchida , Shoji Toyota

Data assimilation (DA) is a fundamental computational technique that integrates numerical simulation models and observation data on the basis of Bayesian statistics. Originally developed for meteorology, especially weather forecasting, DA…

Despite the substantial progress in deep learning, its adoption in industrial robotics projects remains limited, primarily due to challenges in data acquisition and labeling. Previous sim2real approaches using domain randomization require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Kaixin Bai , Lei Zhang , Zhaopeng Chen , Fang Wan , Jianwei Zhang

LiDAR-based semantic segmentation is a key component for autonomous mobile robots, yet large-scale annotation of LiDAR point clouds is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. Although simulators can provide labeled synthetic data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Tomoya Miyawaki , Kazuto Nakashima , Yumi Iwashita , Ryo Kurazume

This work integrates ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) with the energy-aware hybrid modeling approach, applied to a three-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) model of the Gulf Stream flow. Building on prior DA success in the QG channel regime,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-03 Igor Shevchenko , Dan Crisan

Bridging the sim2real gap between computationally inexpensive models and complex physical systems remains a central challenge in machine learning applications to engineering problems, particularly in multi-scale settings where reduced-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuxuan Bao , Jan Zajac , Megan Powers , Venkat Raman , J. Nathan Kutz

Data assimilation (DA) aims to estimate the full state of a dynamical system by combining partial and noisy observations with a prior model forecast, commonly referred to as the background. In atmospheric applications, this problem is…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Jing-An Sun , Hang Fan , Junchao Gong , Ben Fei , Kun Chen , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Wanghan Xu , Li Yan , Pierre Gentine , Lei Bai

Prediction of the state evolution of complex high-dimensional nonlinear systems is challenging due to the nonlinear sensitivity of the evolution to small inaccuracies in the model. Data Assimilation (DA) techniques improve state estimates…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-07-10 Aishah Albarakati , Marko Budisic , Erik Van Vleck

Data Assimilation (DA) plays a critical role in atmospheric science by reconstructing spatially continous estimates of the system state, which serves as initial conditions for scientific analysis. While recent advances in diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hao Wang , Jindong Han , Wei Fan , Weijia Zhang , Hao Liu

The accuracy of simulation-based forecasting in chaotic systems is heavily dependent on high-quality estimates of the system state at the time the forecast is initialized. Data assimilation methods are used to infer these initial conditions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Michael McCabe , Jed Brown

Data assimilation (DA) enables hydrologic models to update their internal states using near-real-time observations for more accurate forecasts. With deep neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTM), using either lagged observations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-25 Amirmoez Jamaat , Yalan Song , Farshid Rahmani , Jiangtao Liu , Kathryn Lawson , Chaopeng Shen