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The spatial composition and cellular heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. High-definition pathology imaging of tumor biopsies provide a high-resolution view of the spatial…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-25 Nathaniel Osher , Jian Kang , Arvind Rao , Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani

Background: Spatial transcriptomics have emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research because of its ability to capture both the spatial contexts and abundance of the complete RNA transcript profile in organs of interest. However,…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-18 Shuo Shuo Liu , Shikun Wang , Yuxuan Chen , Anil K. Rustgi , Ming Yuan , Jianhua Hu

Prediction tasks in digital pathology are challenging due to the massive size of whole-slide images (WSIs) and the weak nature of training signals. Advances in computing, data availability, and self-supervised learning (SSL) have paved the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Vishwesh Ramanathan , Tony Xu , Pushpak Pati , Faruk Ahmed , Maged Goubran , Anne L. Martel

As language models (LMs) are increasingly adopted across domains, high-quality benchmarking frameworks are essential for guiding deployment decisions. In practice, however, frameworks such as Holistic Evaluation of Language Models (HELM)…

Morphological attributes from histopathological images and molecular profiles from genomic data are important information to drive diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancers. By integrating these heterogeneous but complementary data, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Kaiwen Tan , Weixian Huang , Xiaofeng Liu , Jinlong Hu , Shoubin Dong

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of cancer type that is most distressing leading to acute pain, effecting speech and primary survival functions such as swallowing and breathing. The morbidity and mortality of HNSCC…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Saurav Mandal , Akshansh Gupta , Waribam Pratibha Chanu

Survival analysis using whole-slide images (WSIs) is crucial in cancer research. Despite significant successes, pathology images typically only provide slide-level labels, which hinders the learning of discriminative representations from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chengsheng Zhang , Linhao Qu , Xiaoyu Liu , Zhijian Song

Survival analysis stands as a pivotal process in cancer treatment research, crucial for predicting patient survival rates accurately. Recent advancements in data collection techniques have paved the way for enhancing survival predictions by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Linhao Qu , Dan Huang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaosong Wang

Accurately predicting the survival rate of cancer patients is crucial for aiding clinicians in planning appropriate treatment, reducing cancer-related medical expenses, and significantly enhancing patients' quality of life. Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Liangrui Pan , Yijun Peng , Yan Li , Xiang Wang , Wenjuan Liu , Liwen Xu , Qingchun Liang , Shaoliang Peng

In medical image analysis, achieving fast, efficient, and accurate segmentation is essential for automated diagnosis and treatment. Although recent advancements in deep learning have significantly improved segmentation accuracy, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhi Li , Kai Zhao , Yaqi Wang , Shuai Wang

Surgery to treat elderly hip fracture patients may cause complications that can lead to early mortality. An early warning system for complications could provoke clinicians to monitor high-risk patients more carefully and address potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jorn-Jan van de Beld , Shreyasi Pathak , Jeroen Geerdink , Johannes H. Hegeman , Christin Seifert

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in multimodal learning within computational pathology. Existing models primarily rely on vision and language modalities; however, language alone lacks molecular specificity and offers limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Minghao Han , Dingkang Yang , Linhao Qu , Zizhi Chen , Gang Li , Han Wang , Jiacong Wang , Lihua Zhang

Clinical trials are essential to drug development but time-consuming, costly, and prone to failure. Accurate trial outcome prediction based on historical trial data promises better trial investment decisions and more trial success. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Zifeng Wang , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

We propose a versatile framework for survival analysis that combines advanced concepts from statistics with deep learning. The presented framework is based on piecewise exponential models and thereby supports various survival tasks, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Philipp Kopper , Sebastian Pölsterl , Christian Wachinger , Bernd Bischl , Andreas Bender , David Rügamer

Automatic feature engineering is an effective approach for improving predictive performance in tabular learning. However, expand-and-reduce methods, such as OpenFE, become increasingly computationally expensive as the input dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-01 Minhee Park , Seongyeon Son , Yonghyun Lee , Eunchan Kim

Learning good representation of giga-pixel level whole slide pathology images (WSI) for downstream tasks is critical. Previous studies employ multiple instance learning (MIL) to represent WSIs as bags of sampled patches because, for most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chunyuan Li , Xinliang Zhu , Jiawen Yao , Junzhou Huang

Multi-modal brain tumor segmentation is critical for clinical diagnosis, and it requires accurate identification of distinct internal anatomical subregions. While the recent prompt-based segmentation paradigms enable interactive experiences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuxiang Luo , Qing Xu , Hai Huang , Yuqi Ouyang , Zhen Chen , Wenting Duan

Category-agnostic pose estimation (CAPE) aims to localize keypoints on query images from arbitrary categories, using only a few annotated support examples for guidance. Recent approaches either treat keypoints as isolated entities or rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiyong Rao , Yu Wang , Shengjie Zhao

Modern signal processing (SP) methods rely very heavily on probability and statistics to solve challenging SP problems. SP methods are now expected to deal with ever more complex models, requiring ever more sophisticated computational…

Healthcare models are transitioning from unimodal prediction toward multimodal reasoning over heterogeneous diagnostic inputs. In computational pathology, for complex tumor subtypes where morphology alone can be challenging to distinguish,…