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Related papers: Upper Approximation Bounds for Neural Oscillators

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This work establishes the first rigorous stability guarantees for approximate predictors in delay-adaptive control of nonlinear systems, addressing a key challenge in practical implementations where exact predictors are unavailable. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Luke Bhan , Miroslav Krstic , Yuanyuan Shi

This paper investigates approximation-theoretic aspects of the in-context learning capability of the transformers in representing a family of noisy linear dynamical systems. Our first theoretical result establishes an upper bound on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Frank Cole , Yuxuan Zhao , Yulong Lu , Tianhao Zhang

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) propose the idea that a sequence of layers in a neural network is just a discretisation of an ODE, and thus can instead be directly modelled by a parameterised ODE. This idea has had…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Christina Runkel , Ander Biguri , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Modern control systems frequently operate under input delays and sampled state measurements. A common delay-compensation strategy is predictor feedback; however, practical implementations require solving an implicit ODE online, resulting in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Luke Bhan , Peter Quawas , Miroslav Krstic , Yuanyuan Shi

The unconstrained minimization of a sufficiently smooth objective function $f(x)$ is considered, for which derivatives up to order $p$, $p\geq 2$, are assumed to be available. An adaptive regularization algorithm is proposed that uses…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Coralia Cartis , Nicholas I. M. Gould , Philippe L. Toint

One of the most influential results in neural network theory is the universal approximation theorem [1, 2, 3] which states that continuous functions can be approximated to within arbitrary accuracy by single-hidden-layer feedforward neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Clemens Hutter , Recep Gül , Helmut Bölcskei

We explore the expressive power of Transformers by establishing precise approximation error upper and lower bounds for H\"{o}lder class. Specifically, a new approximation upper bound is derived for the standard Transformer architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xin He , Yuling Jiao , Xiliang Lu , Jerry Zhijian Yang

Optimal control provides a principled framework for transforming dynamical system models into intelligent decision-making, yet classical computational approaches are often too expensive for real-time deployment in dynamic or uncertain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Wuzhe Xu , Jiequn Han , Rongjie Lai

An inexact framework for high-order adaptive regularization methods is presented, in which approximations may be used for the $p$th-order tensor, based on lower-order derivatives. Between each recalculation of the $p$th-order derivative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Coralia Cartis , Sadok Jerad

A neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE) is a machine learning model that is commonly described as a continuous-depth generalization of a residual network (ResNet) with a single residual block, or conversely, the ResNet can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Abdelrahman Sayed Sayed , Pierre-Jean Meyer , Mohamed Ghazel

The standard Universal Approximation Theorem for operator neural networks (NNs) holds for arbitrary width and bounded depth. Here, we prove that operator NNs of bounded width and arbitrary depth are universal approximators for continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Annan Yu , Chloé Becquey , Diana Halikias , Matthew Esmaili Mallory , Alex Townsend

Kernel-based approach to operator approximation for partial differential equations has been shown to be unconditionally stable for linear PDEs and numerically exhibit unconditional stability for non-linear PDEs. These methods have the same…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Andrew Christlieb , Sining Gong , Hyoseon Yang

Model attribution is a critical component of deep neural networks (DNNs) for its interpretability to complex models. Recent studies bring up attention to the security of attribution methods as they are vulnerable to attribution attacks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Fan Wang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Neural operators have emerged as promising surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but struggle to generalise beyond training distributions and are often constrained to a fixed temporal discretisation. This work…

This work studies the sampling complexity of learning with ReLU neural networks and neural operators. For mappings belonging to relevant approximation spaces, we derive upper bounds on the best-possible convergence rate of any learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Philipp Grohs , Samuel Lanthaler , Margaret Trautner

We analyze Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) from a control theoretical perspective to address some of the main properties and paradigms of Deep Learning (DL), in particular, data classification and universal approximation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Domènec Ruiz-Balet , Enrique Zuazua

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Neural operators provide a framework for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), enabling efficient surrogate modeling for complex systems. While universal approximation results are now well understood,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Takashi Furuya , Ryo Ozawa , Jenn-Nan Wang

In this paper, we propose two novel fourth-order integrators that exhibit uniformly high accuracy and long-term near conservations for solving the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) in the nonrelativistic regime. In this regime, the solution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Lina Wang , Bin Wang , Jiyong Li

Oscillator networks represent a promising technology for unconventional computing and artificial intelligence. Thus far, these systems have primarily been demonstrated in small-scale implementations, such as Ising Machines for solving…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-17 Théophile Rageau , Julie Grollier