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LLMs have low GPU efficiency and high latency due to autoregressive decoding. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this using a small draft model to speculatively generate multiple tokens, which are then verified in parallel by a target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sungkyun Kim , Jaemin Kim , Dogyung Yoon , Jiho Shin , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) extend the capabilities of vision-language models to spatiotemporal inputs, enabling tasks such as video question answering (VideoQA). Despite recent advances in VideoLLMs, their internal mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minji Kim , Taekyung Kim , Bohyung Han

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often suffer from hallucinations in long video understanding (LVU), primarily due to the imbalance between textual and visual tokens. Observing that MLLMs handle short visual inputs well,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhe Gao , Shiyu Shen , Taifeng Chai , Weinong Wang , Haotian Xu , Xing W , Wenbin Li , Qi Fan , Yang Gao , Dacheng Tao

Recent studies have shown that long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning can significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks. However, this benefit is yet to be demonstrated in the domain of video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yuanxin Liu , Kun Ouyang , Haoning Wu , Yi Liu , Lin Sui , Xinhao Li , Yan Zhong , Y. Charles , Xinyu Zhou , Xu Sun

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning trajectories as pseudo-gradient descent updates to the LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Shudong Liu , Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Agentic multimodal large language models (MLLMs) (e.g., OpenAI o3 and Gemini Agentic Vision) achieve remarkable reasoning capabilities through iterative visual tool invocation. However, the cascaded perception, reasoning, and tool-calling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haoyu Huang , Jinfa Huang , Zhongwei Wan , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji , Jiebo Luo

A well-known dilemma in large vision-language models (e.g., GPT-4, LLaVA) is that while increasing the number of vision tokens generally enhances visual understanding, it also significantly raises memory and computational costs, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shiwei Wu , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qimeng Wang , Yan Gao , Qianli Xu , Tong Xu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen , Mike Zheng Shou

Speculative Decoding is a widely used technique to speed up inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing quality. When performing inference, speculative decoding uses a smaller draft model to generate speculative tokens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minghao Yan , Saurabh Agarwal , Shivaram Venkataraman

Recent work has shown that eliciting Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate reasoning traces in natural language before answering the user's request can significantly improve their performance across tasks. This approach has been extended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sara Ghazanfari , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami , Siddharth Garg

Video reasoning requires a fine-grained understanding of the temporal dependencies and event-level relations between objects and events in videos. Current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are prone to severe temporal hallucinations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zixu Cheng , Da Li , Jian Hu , Yuhang Zang , Ziquan Liu , Shaogang Gong , Wei Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in static image understanding but continue to face critical hurdles in spatiotemporal reasoning. A major bottleneck is "multi-image reasoning hallucination", where a massive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoda Yang , Shuai Yang , Can Wang , Jingyang Xue , Menglan Tang , Checheng Yu , Xunzhe Zhou , Sashuai Zhou , Tao Jin , Lixin Yang , Xiangyu Yue , Zhou Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are crucial for applications requiring integrated understanding textual and visual information. However, existing VLMs struggle with long videos due to computational inefficiency, memory limitations, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Anxhelo Diko , Tinghuai Wang , Wassim Swaileh , Shiyan Sun , Ioannis Patras

Reasoning segmentation (RS) aims to identify and segment objects of interest based on implicit text queries. As such, RS is a catalyst for embodied AI agents, enabling them to interpret high-level commands without requiring explicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yiqing Shen , Bohan Liu , Chenjia Li , Lalithkumar Seenivasan , Mathias Unberath

Speculative decoding speeds up autoregressive generation in Large Language Models (LLMs) through a two-step procedure, where a lightweight draft model proposes tokens which the target model then verifies in a single forward pass. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Anton Plaksin , Sergei Krutikov , Sergei Skvortsov , Alexander Samarin

The growing interest in embodied agents increases the demand for spatiotemporal video understanding, yet existing benchmarks largely emphasize extractive reasoning, where answers can be explicitly presented within spatiotemporal events. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Seunghwan Bang , Hwanjun Song

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown great potential for video reasoning with textual Chain-of-Thought. However, they remain vulnerable to hallucinations, especially when processing long-form videos where evidence is sparse and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zuhao Yang , Sudong Wang , Kaichen Zhang , Keming Wu , Sicong Leng , Yifan Zhang , Bo Li , Chengwei Qin , Shijian Lu , Xingxuan Li , Lidong Bing

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) have recently shown strong performance in basic video understanding tasks, such as captioning and coarse-grained question answering, but struggle with compositional reasoning that requires multi-step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Haiyi Qiu , Minghe Gao , Long Qian , Kaihang Pan , Qifan Yu , Juncheng Li , Wenjie Wang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Tat-Seng Chua

Empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs), recent advancements in Video-based LLMs (VideoLLMs) have driven progress in various video understanding tasks. These models encode video representations through pooling or query aggregation over a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuetian Weng , Mingfei Han , Haoyu He , Xiaojun Chang , Bohan Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized video-based computer vision applications, including action recognition, anomaly detection, and video summarization. Videos inherently pose unique challenges, combining spatial complexity with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xi Ding , Lei Wang