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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities from few-shot demonstration exemplars. While recent learning-based demonstration selection methods have proven beneficial to ICL by choosing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hui Liu , Wenya Wang , Hao Sun , Chris Xing Tian , Chenqi Kong , Xin Dong , Haoliang Li

We propose a novel setting for learning, where the input domain is the image of a map defined on the product of two sets, one of which completely determines the labels. We derive a new risk bound for this setting that decomposes into a bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

Masked video modeling~(MVM) has emerged as a highly effective pre-training strategy for visual foundation models, whereby the model reconstructs masked spatiotemporal tokens using information from visible tokens. However, a key challenge in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Ayush K. Rai , Kyle Min , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

Following the technological advancements in medicine, the operation rooms are evolving into intelligent environments. The context-aware systems (CAS) can comprehensively interpret the surgical state, enable real-time warning, and support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Negin Ghamsarian

This work targets to merge various Vision Transformers (ViTs) trained on different tasks (i.e., datasets with different object categories) or domains (i.e., datasets with the same categories but different environments) into one unified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Peng Ye , Chenyu Huang , Mingzhu Shen , Tao Chen , Yongqi Huang , Yuning Zhang , Wanli Ouyang

In-context learning can help Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt new tasks without additional training. However, this performance heavily depends on the quality of the demonstrations, driving research into effective demonstration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dong Shu , Mengnan Du

When faced with learning a set of inter-related tasks from a limited amount of usable data, learning each task independently may lead to poor generalization performance. Multi-Task Learning (MTL) exploits the latent relations between tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-14 Niloofar Yousefi , Michael Georgiopoulos , Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos

Large-scale vision-language models (LVLMs) pretrained on massive image-text pairs have achieved remarkable success in visual representations. However, existing paradigms to transfer LVLMs to downstream tasks encounter two primary…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Chunjin Yang , Fanman Meng , Shuai Chen , Mingyu Liu , Runtong Zhang

Visual foundation models like CLIP excel in learning feature representations from extensive datasets through self-supervised methods, demonstrating remarkable transfer learning and generalization capabilities. A growing number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Binjie Zhang , Yixiao Ge , Xuyuan Xu , Ying Shan , Mike Zheng Shou

Visual instruction tuning is a key training stage of large multimodal models. However, when learning multiple visual tasks simultaneously, this approach often results in suboptimal and imbalanced overall performance due to latent knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yanqi Dai , Yong Wang , Zebin You , Dong Jing , Xiangxiang Chu , Zhiwu Lu

We introduce MetaICL (Meta-training for In-Context Learning), a new meta-training framework for few-shot learning where a pretrained language model is tuned to do in-context learning on a large set of training tasks. This meta-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Sewon Min , Mike Lewis , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

A learning task, understood as the problem of fitting a parametric model from supervised data, fundamentally requires the dataset to be large enough to be representative of the underlying distribution of the source. When data is limited,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Leopoldo Agorio , Juan Cerviño , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Alejandro Ribeiro , Juan Andrés Bazerque

Existing learning-based solutions to medical image segmentation have two important shortcomings. First, for most new segmentation task, a new model has to be trained or fine-tuned. This requires extensive resources and machine learning…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Marianne Rakic , Hallee E. Wong , Jose Javier Gonzalez Ortiz , Beth Cimini , John Guttag , Adrian V. Dalca

Versatile medical image segmentation (VMIS) targets the segmentation of multiple classes, while obtaining full annotations for all classes is often impractical due to the time and labor required. Leveraging partially labeled datasets (PLDs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Shengqian Zhu , Jiafei Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Chengrong Yu , Ying Song , Zhang Yi , Guangjun Li , Junjie Hu

Human perception is routinely assessing the similarity between images, both for decision making and creative thinking. But the underlying cognitive process is not really well understood yet, hence difficult to be mimicked by computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Olivier Risser-Maroix , Amine Marzouki , Hala Djeghim , Camille Kurtz , Nicolas Lomenie

Recently, self-supervised instance discrimination methods have achieved significant success in learning visual representations from unlabeled photographic images. However, given the marked differences between photographic and medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-18 Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh Taher , Fatemeh Haghighi , Michael B. Gotway , Jianming Liang

In this paper the problem of learning appropriate bias for an environment of related tasks is examined from a Bayesian perspective. The environment of related tasks is shown to be naturally modelled by the concept of an {\em objective}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Jonathan Baxter

Handling previously unseen tasks after given only a few training examples continues to be a tough challenge in machine learning. We propose TapNets, neural networks augmented with task-adaptive projection for improved few-shot learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Sung Whan Yoon , Jun Seo , Jaekyun Moon

Incidental supervision from language has become a popular approach for learning generic visual representations that can be prompted to perform many recognition tasks in computer vision. We conduct an in-depth exploration of the CLIP model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Sachit Menon , Ishaan Preetam Chandratreya , Carl Vondrick

Pretrained visual-language models have made significant advancements in multimodal tasks, including image-text retrieval. However, a major challenge in image-text matching lies in language bias, where models predominantly rely on language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jiwan Chung , Seungwon Lim , Sangkyu Lee , Youngjae Yu