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The ability to communicate uncertainty, risk, and limitation is crucial for the safety of large language models. However, current evaluations of these abilities rely on simple calibration, asking whether the language generated by the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Kaitlyn Zhou , Jena D. Hwang , Xiang Ren , Nouha Dziri , Dan Jurafsky , Maarten Sap

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced in reasoning when optimized with reinforcement learning (RL) under verifiable rewards. Existing methods primarily rely on outcome-based supervision to strengthen internal LLM reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Siyao Song , Cong Ma , Zhihao Cheng , Shiye Lei , Minghao Li , Ying Zeng , Huaixiao Tou , Kai Jia

Recent natural language processing (NLP) techniques have accomplished high performance on benchmark datasets, primarily due to the significant improvement in the performance of deep learning. The advances in the research community have led…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Marwan Omar , Soohyeon Choi , DaeHun Nyang , David Mohaisen

With generative AI advancing, empathy in human-AI interaction is essential. While prior work focuses on emotional reflection, emotional exploration, key to deeper engagement, remains overlooked. Existing LLMs rely on text which captures…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jing-Han Chen , Bo-Hao Su , Ya-Tse Wu , Chi-Chun Lee

Understanding the conversation abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can help lead to its more cautious and appropriate deployment. This is especially important for safety-critical domains like mental health, where someone's life may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Alexander Marrapese , Basem Suleiman , Imdad Ullah , Juno Kim

This study validates Large Language Models (LLMs) as a dynamic alternative to questionnaire-based personality assessment. Using a within-subjects experiment (N=33), we compared Big Five personality scores derived from guided LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Andrius Matšenas , Anet Lello , Tõnis Lees , Hans Peep , Kim Lilii Tamm

Vietnamese Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) remains challenging due to ambiguous acoustic patterns and the lack of reliable annotated data, especially in real-world conditions where emotional boundaries are not clearly separable. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Truc Nguyen , Then Tran , Binh Truong , Phuoc Nguyen T. H

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has gained tremendous attention over the past year. Previous studies have shown the astonishing performance of LLMs not only in other tasks but also in emotion recognition in terms of accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Liyizhe Peng , Zixing Zhang , Tao Pang , Jing Han , Huan Zhao , Hao Chen , Björn W. Schuller

Social intelligence is built upon three foundational pillars: cognitive intelligence, situational intelligence, and behavioral intelligence. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our social lives,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zeqi Tan , Sihao Shen , Weiming Lu

Benefiting from diverse instruction datasets, contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) perform effectively as AI assistants in collaborating with humans. However, LLMs still struggle to generate natural and colloquial responses in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Renliang Sun , Mengyuan Liu , Shiping Yang , Rui Wang , Junqing He , Jiaxing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their transition to real-world applications reveals a critical limitation: the inability to adapt to individual preferences while maintaining alignment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jian Guan , Junfei Wu , Jia-Nan Li , Chuanqi Cheng , Wei Wu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

How can we train a dialog model to produce better conversations by learning from human feedback, without the risk of humans teaching it harmful chat behaviors? We start by hosting models online, and gather human feedback from real-time,…

Amidst a shortage of qualified mental health professionals, the integration of large language models (LLMs) into psychological applications offers a promising way to alleviate the growing burden of mental health disorders. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Chongyuan Dai , Jinpeng Hu , Hongchang Shi , Zhuo Li , Xun Yang , Meng Wang

Language models excel at following instructions but often struggle with the collaborative aspects of conversation that humans naturally employ. This limitation in grounding -- the process by which conversation participants establish mutual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Omar Shaikh , Hussein Mozannar , Gagan Bansal , Adam Fourney , Eric Horvitz

This survey paper outlines the key developments in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), including enhancements to their reasoning skills, adaptability to various tasks, increased computational efficiency, and the ability to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Asifullah Khan , Muhammad Zaeem Khan , Aleesha Zainab , Saleha Jamshed , Sadia Ahmad , Kaynat Khatib , Faria Bibi , Abdul Rehman

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) and their variants have shown extraordinary efficacy across numerous downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which has presented a new vision for the development of NLP. Despite their remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yazhou Zhang , Mengyao Wang , Youxi Wu , Prayag Tiwari , Qiuchi Li , Benyou Wang , Jing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) excel at solving problems with clear and complete statements, but often struggle with nuanced environments or interactive tasks which are common in most real-world scenarios. This highlights the critical need…

Personalized alignment is essential for enabling large language models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric dialogue. While recent prompt-based and offline optimization methods offer preliminary solutions, they fall short in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Haixiao Liu , Biye Li , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu
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