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Machine learning (ML) algorithms, particularly attention-based transformer models, have become indispensable for analyzing the vast data generated by particle physics experiments like ATLAS and CMS at the CERN LHC. Particle Transformer…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-10 Aaron Wang , Abhijith Gandrakota , Jennifer Ngadiuba , Vivekanand Sahu , Priyansh Bhatnagar , Elham E Khoda , Javier Duarte

Transformer-based models are popularly used in natural language processing (NLP). Its core component, self-attention, has aroused widespread interest. To understand the self-attention mechanism, a direct method is to visualize the attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Han Shi , Jiahui Gao , Xiaozhe Ren , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok

Transformers' quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length has motivated a body of work on efficient sparse approximations to softmax. An alternative path, used by entmax transformers, consists of having built-in exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Marcos Treviso , António Góis , Patrick Fernandes , Erick Fonseca , André F. T. Martins

Jet tagging is an essential categorization problem in high energy physics. In recent times, Deep Learning has not only risen to the challenge of jet tagging but also significantly improved its performance. In this article, we proposed an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-17 Muhammad Usman , M Husnain Shahid , Maheen Ejaz , Ummay Hani , Nayab Fatima , Abdul Rehman Khan , Asifullah Khan , Nasir Majid Mirza

Real-time jet tagging is critical for identifying short-lived particle decays in the high-throughput detectors of the Large Hadron Collider, where real-time trigger systems responsible for deciding which collision events to store impose…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-22 Aaron Wang , Zihan Zhao , Alan Xia , Chang Sun , Abhijith Gandrakota , Jennifer Ngadiuba , Richard Cavanaugh , Javier Duarte

Transformers allow attention between all pairs of tokens, but there is reason to believe that most of these connections - and their quadratic time and memory - may not be necessary. But which ones? We evaluate the impact of sparsification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Siddhartha Brahma , Polina Zablotskaia , David Mimno

Jet tagging is a crucial classification task in high energy physics. Recently the performance of jet tagging has been significantly improved by the application of deep learning techniques. In this study, we introduce a new architecture for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-29 Minxuan He , Daohan Wang

In this paper, we introduce \texttt{IAFormer}, a novel Transformer-based architecture that efficiently integrates pairwise particle interactions through a dynamic sparse attention mechanism. \texttt{IAFormer} has two new mechanisms within…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-21 W. Esmail , A. Hammad , M. Nojiri

The attention mechanism of a transformer has a quadratic complexity, leading to high inference costs and latency for long sequences. However, attention matrices are mostly sparse, which implies that many entries may be omitted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Jet tagging is a critical yet challenging classification task in particle physics. While deep learning has transformed jet tagging and significantly improved performance, the lack of a large-scale public dataset impedes further enhancement.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-30 Huilin Qu , Congqiao Li , Sitian Qian

Transformer has achieved great success in NLP. However, the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer makes it inefficient in handling long sequences. Many existing works explore to accelerate Transformers by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

The success of self-attention lies in its ability to capture long-range dependencies and enhance context understanding, but it is limited by its computational complexity and challenges in handling sequential data with inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Chun-Nam Yu , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay , Niloofar Yousefi

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Transformer-based language models have found many diverse applications requiring them to process sequences of increasing length. For these applications, the causal self-attention -- which is the only component scaling quadratically w.r.t.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Matteo Pagliardini , Daniele Paliotta , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

An attention matrix of a transformer self-attention sublayer can provably be decomposed into two components and only one of them (effective attention) contributes to the model output. This leads us to ask whether visualizing effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kaiser Sun , Ana Marasović

Temporal causal analysis means understanding the underlying causes behind observed variables over time. Deep learning based methods such as transformers are increasingly used to capture temporal dynamics and causal relationships beyond mere…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Riya Mahesh , Rahul Vashisht , Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan

The Transformer model is widely successful on many natural language processing tasks. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention limit its application on long text. In this paper, adopting a fine-to-coarse attention mechanism on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zihao Ye , Qipeng Guo , Quan Gan , Xipeng Qiu , Zheng Zhang

Transformers have demonstrated great success in numerous domains including natural language processing and bioinformatics. This success stems from the use of the attention mechanism by these models in order to represent and propagate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nathaniel Tomczak , Sanmukh Kuppannagari

Attention is a core component of transformer architecture, whether encoder-only, decoder-only, or encoder-decoder model. However, the standard softmax attention often produces noisy probability distribution, which can impair effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dhananjay Ram , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

The increasing scale of deep learning models in high-energy physics (HEP) has posed challenges to their deployment on low-power, latency-sensitive platforms, such as FPGAs and ASICs used in trigger systems, as well as in offline data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-12 Saurabh Rai , Prisha , Jitendra Kumar
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