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While the animals' Fin-to-Limb evolution has been well-researched in biology, such morphological transformation remains under-adopted in the modern design of advanced robotic limbs. This paper investigates a novel class of overconstrained…

This paper presents a hierarchical control framework that enables robust quadrupedal locomotion on a dynamic rigid surface (DRS) with general and unknown vertical motions. The key novelty of the framework lies in its higher layer, which is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amir Iqbal , Sushant Veer , Christopher Niezrecki , Yan Gu

Torque control algorithms which consider robot dynamics and contact constraints are important for creating dynamic behaviors for humanoids. As computational power increases, algorithms tend to also increase in complexity. However, it is not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Sean Mason , Nicholas Rotella , Stefan Schaal , Ludovic Righetti

This paper proposes a modular framework to generate robust biped locomotion using a tight coupling between an analytical walking approach and deep reinforcement learning. This framework is composed of six main modules which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Mohammadreza Kasaei , Miguel Abreu , Nuno Lau , Artur Pereira , Luis Paulo Reis

Bipedal walking is one of the most important hallmarks of human that robots have been trying to mimic for many decades. Although previous control methodologies have achieved robot walking on some terrains, there is a need for a framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chrysostomos Karakasis , Ioannis Poulakakis , Panagiotis Artemiadis

Sprawling locomotion in vertebrates, particularly salamanders, demonstrates how body undulation and spinal mobility enhance stability, maneuverability, and adaptability across complex terrains. While prior work has separately explored…

Legged locomotion is widespread in nature and has inspired the design of current robots. The controller of these legged robots is often realized as one centralized instance. However, in nature, control of movement happens in a hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 W. Zai El Amri , L. Hermes , M. Schilling

This work presents a hierarchical framework for bipedal locomotion that combines a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based high-level (HL) planner policy for the online generation of task space commands with a model-based low-level (LL)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Shunpeng Yang , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

As legged robots take on roles in industrial and autonomous construction, collaborative loco-manipulation is crucial for handling large and heavy objects that exceed the capabilities of a single robot. However, ensuring the safety of these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Mohsen Sombolestan , Quan Nguyen

Envisioned applications for humanoid robots call for the design of balancing and walking controllers. While promising results have been recently achieved, robust and reliable controllers are still a challenge for the control community…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Gabriele Nava , Francesco Romano , Francesco Nori , Daniele Pucci

This paper presents a hierarchical framework based on deep reinforcement learning that learns a diversity of policies for humanoid balance control. Conventional zero moment point based controllers perform limited actions during…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Chuanyu Yang , Taku Komura , Zhibin Li

Animals possess a remarkable ability to navigate challenging terrains, achieved through the interplay of various pathways between the brain, central pattern generators (CPGs) in the spinal cord, and musculoskeletal system. Traditional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ge Sun , Milad Shafiee , Peizhuo Li , Guillaume Bellegarda , Auke Ijspeert , Guillaume Sartoretti

This paper presents a layered control approach for real-time trajectory planning and control of robust cooperative locomotion by two holonomically constrained quadrupedal robots. A novel interconnected network of reduced-order models, based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jeeseop Kim , Randall T Fawcett , Vinay R Kamidi , Aaron D Ames , Kaveh Akbari Hamed

Computing stabilizing and optimal control actions for legged locomotion in real time is difficult due to the nonlinear, hybrid, and high dimensional nature of these robots. The hybrid nature of the system introduces a combination of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zachary Olkin , Aaron D. Ames

Control of wheeled humanoid locomotion is a challenging problem due to the nonlinear dynamics and under-actuated characteristics of these robots. Traditionally, feedback controllers have been utilized for stabilization and locomotion.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Donghoon Baek , Amartya Purushottam , Joao Ramos

Realizing bipedal locomotion on humanoid robots with point feet is especially challenging due to their highly underactuated nature, high degrees of freedom, and hybrid dynamics resulting from impacts. With the goal of addressing this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Adrian B. Ghansah , Jeeseop Kim , Kejun Li , Aaron D. Ames

Stabilizing unsecured payloads against the inherent oscillations of dynamic bipedal locomotion remains a critical engineering bottleneck for humanoids in unstructured environments. To solve this, we introduce ReST-RL, a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anlun Huang , Zhenyu Wu , Soofiyan Atar , Yuheng Zhi , Michael Yip

Hierarchical learning has been successful at learning generalizable locomotion skills on walking robots in a sample-efficient manner. However, the low-dimensional "latent" action used to communicate between two layers of the hierarchy is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Tianyu Li , Roberto Calandra , Deepak Pathak , Yuandong Tian , Franziska Meier , Akshara Rai

Recent advances of locomotion controllers utilizing deep reinforcement learning (RL) have yielded impressive results in terms of achieving rapid and robust locomotion across challenging terrain, such as rugged rocks, non-rigid ground, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Zifan Xu , Amir Hossain Raj , Xuesu Xiao , Peter Stone

Humanoid robots are envisioned to perform a wide range of tasks in human-centered environments, requiring controllers that combine agility with robust balance. Recent advances in locomotion and whole-body tracking have enabled impressive…