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As language models support larger and larger context sizes, evaluating their ability to make effective use of that context becomes increasingly important. We analyze the ability of several code generation models to handle long range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yannick Assogba , Donghao Ren

Modern large language models (LLMs) that rely on attention mechanisms are typically trained with fixed context lengths which enforce upper limits on the length of input sequences that they can handle at evaluation time. To use these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Arka Pal , Deep Karkhanis , Manley Roberts , Samuel Dooley , Arvind Sundararajan , Siddartha Naidu

Deploying long-context large language models (LLMs) is essential but poses significant computational and memory challenges. Caching all Key and Value (KV) states across all attention heads consumes substantial memory. Existing KV cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Jingwei Zuo , Junxian Guo , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Yao Fu , Song Han

Long-context modeling is becoming a core capability of modern large vision-language models (LVLMs), enabling sustained context management across long-document understanding, video analysis, and multi-turn tool use in agentic workflows. Yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaowei Wang , Lishu Luo , Haodong Duan , Weiwei Liu , Sijin Wu , Ji Luo , Shen Yan , Shuai Peng , Sihang Yuan , Chaoyi Huang , Yi Lin , Yangqiu Song

Large Language Models struggle with memory demands from the growing Key-Value (KV) cache as context lengths increase. Existing compression methods homogenize head dimensions or rely on attention-guided token pruning, often sacrificing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Ruixiao Li , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

We propose Hymba, a family of small language models featuring a hybrid-head parallel architecture that integrates transformer attention mechanisms with state space models (SSMs) for enhanced efficiency. Attention heads provide…

We explore the use of long-context capabilities in large language models to create synthetic reading comprehension data from entire books. Previous efforts to construct such datasets relied on crowd-sourcing, but the emergence of…

The Transformer architecture, despite its widespread success, struggles with long-context scenarios due to quadratic computation and linear memory growth. While various linear attention variants mitigate these efficiency constraints by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuqi Pan , Yongqi An , Zheng Li , Yuhong Chou , Ruijie Zhu , Xiaohui Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Jinqiao Wang , Guoqi Li

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in user-facing applications require long-horizon consistency: the ability to remember prior interactions, respect user preferences, and ground reasoning in past events. However, contemporary memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daivik Patel , Shrenik Patel

It is widely acknowledged that the performance of Transformer models is logarithmically related to their number of parameters and computational complexity. While approaches like Mixture of Experts (MoE) decouple parameter count from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Huang , Qiyang Min , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Ran Guo , Xun Zhou

Existing works increasingly adopt memory-centric mechanisms to process long contexts in a segment manner, and effective memory management is one of the key capabilities that enables large language models to effectively propagate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Ruoxi Sun , Haitian Wang , WangJie You , Zhang Yijun , Wenpeng Zhu , Ji Qi , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. The self-attention architecture allows transformer to combine information from all elements of a sequence into context-aware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mikhail S. Burtsev , Yuri Kuratov , Anton Peganov , Grigory V. Sapunov

Large Language Models (LLMs) face limitations due to the high demand on GPU memory and computational resources when handling long contexts. While sparsify the Key-Value (KV) cache of transformer model is a typical strategy to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yumeng Wang , Zhenyang Xiao

Attention is an important cognition process of humans, which helps humans concentrate on critical information during their perception and learning. However, although many machine learning models can remember information of data, they have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Guoqiang Zhong , Xin Lin , Kang Chen , Qingyang Li , Kaizhu Huang

Sliding-window attention offers a hardware-efficient solution to the memory and throughput challenges of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios. Existing methods typically employ a single window length across all attention…

Transformers are the mainstream of NLP applications and are becoming increasingly popular in other domains such as Computer Vision. Despite the improvements in model quality, the enormous computation costs make Transformers difficult at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Liu Liu , Zheng Qu , Zhaodong Chen , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, yet their growing parameter counts and context windows incur prohibitive compute, energy, and monetary costs. We introduce EfficientLLM, a novel benchmark and the first…

In this work, we provide a thorough investigation of gist-based context compression methods to improve long-context processing in large language models. We focus on two key questions: (1) How well can these methods replace full attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chenlong Deng , Zhisong Zhang , Kelong Mao , Shuaiyi Li , Xinting Huang , Dong Yu , Zhicheng Dou

This paper explores learned-context neural networks. It is a multi-task learning architecture based on a fully shared neural network and an augmented input vector containing trainable task parameters. The architecture is interesting due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Anders T. Sandnes , Bjarne Grimstad , Odd Kolbjørnsen
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