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In recent years the chemistry of sulfur in the interstellar medium has experienced a renewed interest due to the detection of a large variety of molecules containing sulfur. Here we report the first identification in space of a new…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-10 M. Agundez , G. Molpeceres , C. Cabezas , N. Marcelino , B. Tercero , R. Fuentetaja , P. de Vicente , J. Cernicharo

We present the first identification in interstellar space of the thioformyl radical (HCS) and its metastable isomer HSC. These species were detected toward the molecular cloud L483 thanks to observations carried out with the IRAM 30m…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-14 M. Agundez , N. Marcelino , J. Cernicharo , M. Tafalla

A long standing problem in astrochemistry is the inability of many current models to account for missing sulfur content. Many relatively simple species that may be good candidates to sequester sulfur have not been measured experimentally at…

The sulfur content in dense molecular regions of the interstellar medium is highly depleted in comparison to diffuse clouds. The reason of this phenomenon is unclear, thus it is necessary to carry out observational studies of sulfur-bearing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-11 N. C. Martinez , S. Paron , M. E. Ortega , A. Petriella , A. Álamo , M. Brook , C. Carballo , T. Heberling

We study several molecules that could help in the solution of the missing sulfur problem in dense clouds and circumstellar regions, as well as in the clarification of the sulfur chemistry in comets. These sulfur molecules are: the trimer…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 G. Bilalbegovic , G. Baranovic

Much like six-membered rings, five-membered rings are ubiquitous in organic chemistry, frequently serving as the building blocks for larger molecules, including many of biochemical importance. From a combination of laboratory rotational…

The formation pathways of sulfur-bearing species in the interstellar medium are crucial to understand astrochemical processes in cold molecular clouds and to gain new insights about the sulfur budget in these regions. We aim to explore the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-20 N. Rani , S. Vogt-Geisse , S. Bovino

Sulfur-bearing molecules are central to interstellar chemistry, yet their observed abundances in the gas phase remain far below cosmic expectations in dense interstellar regions. Mixed N-S-O species such as thionylimide (HNSO) are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-01 Valerio Lattanzi , Miguel Sanz-Novo , Víctor M. Rivilla , Izaskun Jiménez-Serra , Paola Caselli

Astrochemistry lies at the nexus of astronomy, chemistry, and molecular physics. On the basis of precise laboratory data, a rich collection of more than 200 familiar and exotic molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-18 Michael C. McCarthy , Brett A. McGuire

Sulfur-bearing molecules play an important role in prebiotic chemistry and planet habitability. They are also proposed probes of chemical ages, elemental C/O ratio, and grain chemistry processing. Commonly detected in diverse astrophysical…

Context. Studying gas chemistry in protoplanetary disks is key to understanding the process of planet formation. Sulfur chemistry in particular is poorly understood in interstellar environments, and the location of the main reservoirs…

We have conducted an extensive search for nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-bearing heterocycles toward Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1) using the deep, broadband centimeter-wavelength spectral line survey of the region from the GOTHAM large…

We report the detection of the sulfur-bearing species NCS, HCCS, H2CCS, H2CCCS, and C4S for the first time in space. These molecules were found towards TMC-1 through the observation of several lines for each species. We also report the…

Sulfur is essential for life, but its abundance and distribution in the interstellar medium remain uncertain, with over 90% of sulfur undetected in cold molecular clouds. Sulfur allotropes (S$_{\rm n}$) have been proposed as possible…

Sulfur-bearing molecules are commonly detected in dense cores within star-forming regions, but the total sulfur budget is significantly low, when compared to the interstellar medium (ISM) value. The properties of sulfur-bearing molecules…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-23 Mengyao Tang , Sheng-Li Qin , Tie Liu , Luis A. Zapata , Xunchuan Liu , Yaping Peng , Fengwei Xu , Chao Zhang , Ken'ichi Tatematsu

Sulfur is a critical element to life on Earth, and with detections of sulfur-bearing molecules in exoplanets and comets, questions arise as to how sulfur is incorporated into planets in the first place. In order to understand sulfur's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Becky J. Williams , L. Ilsedore Cleeves , Rachel E. Gross , Jackson Baker

The chemical network governing interstellar sulfur has been the topic of unrelenting discussion for the past decades due to the conspicuous discrepancy between its expected and observed abundances in different interstellar environments.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-16 Julia C. Santos , Joan Enrique-Romero , Thanja Lamberts , Harold Linnartz , Ko-Ju Chuang

The recent detection of refractory molecules in massive star-forming regions provides a means of probing the innermost regions of disks around massive stars. These detections also make it possible to explore the chemical composition of…

Despite its biogeneic and astrochemical importance, sulfur (S), the 10th most abundant element in the interstellar medium (ISM) with a total abundance of S/H~2.2E-5, largely remains undetected in molecular clouds. Even in the diffuse ISM…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-12 X. J. Yang , Lijun Hua , Aigen Li

The main carrier of sulfur in dense clouds, where it is depleted from the gas phase, remains a mystery. Shock waves in young molecular outflows disrupt the ice mantles and allow us to directly probe the material that is ejected into the gas…

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