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Given a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, its adjacency matrix and degree diagonal matrix are represented by $A(G)$ and $D(G)$, respectively. The $Q$-spectrum of $G$ consists of all the eigenvalues of its signless Laplacian matrix $Q(G)=A(G)+D(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Gui-Xian Tian , Jun-Xing Wu , Shu-Yu Cui , Hui-Lu Sun

In recent years more and more involved block structures appeared in the literature in the context of numerical approximations of complex infinite dimensional operators modeling real-world applications. In various settings, thanks the theory…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Isabella Furci , Andrea Adriani , Stefano Serra-Capizzano

The $k$-token graph $F_k(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of vertices from $G$, two of which being adjacent whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent vertices in $G$. It is a known result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Mónica. A. Reyes , Cristina Dalfó , Miquel Àngel Fiol , Arnau Messegué

Learning a graph with a specific structure is essential for interpretability and identification of the relationships among data. It is well known that structured graph learning from observed samples is an NP-hard combinatorial problem. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-26 Sandeep Kumar , Jiaxi Ying , Jos'e Vin'icius de M. Cardoso , Daniel P. Palomar

Let $\grad$, $\curl$, and $\dv$ be the graph-theoretic analogues of the gradient, curl, and divergence operators from multivariate calculus. The graph Laplacian $-\dv \grad$ gives rise to the celebrated Laplacian matrix, while the matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Lu Lu , Yongtang Shi , Zoran Stanić , Jianfeng Wang , Yi Wang

Let $G$ be a finite non abelian group. The centralizer graph of $G$ is a simple undirected graph $\Gamma_{cent}(G)$, whose vertex set consists of proper centralizers of $G$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their cardinalities…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-03 Jharna Kalita , Somnath Paul

The spectrum of the normalized Laplacian matrix cannot determine the number of edges in a graph, however finding constructions of cospectral graphs with differing number of edges has been elusive. In this paper we use basic properties of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-27 Steve Butler

Let $M\circ N$ denote the Schur product of two matrices $M$ and $N$. A graph $X$ with adjacency matrix $A$ is walk regular if $A^k\circ I$ is a constant times $I$ for each $k\ge0$, and $X$ is 1-walk-regular if it is walk regular and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Chris Godsil , Wanting Sun , Xiaohong Zhang

A network of coupled dynamical systems is represented by a graph whose vertices represent individual cells and whose edges represent couplings between cells. Motivated by the impact of synchronization results of the Kuramoto networks, we…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Tiago Amorim , Miriam Manoel

We derive several upper bounds on the spectral gap of the Laplacian with standard or Dirichlet vertex conditions on compact metric graphs. In particular, we obtain estimates based on the length of a shortest cycle (girth), diameter, total…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Gregory Berkolaiko , James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Delio Mugnolo

We study the spectral theory of a class of piecewise centrosymmetric Jacobi operators defined on an associated family of substitution graphs. Given a finite centrosymmetric matrix viewed as a weight matrix on a finite directed path graph…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Gamal Mograby , Radhakrishnan Balu , Kasso A. Okoudjou , Alexander Teplyaev

We introduce a new notion of graph sparsificaiton based on spectral similarity of graph Laplacians: spectral sparsification requires that the Laplacian quadratic form of the sparsifier approximate that of the original. This is equivalent to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-07-22 Daniel A. Spielman , Shang-Hua Teng

In this short note, we show some inequalities on Cartan matrices, centers and socles of blocks of group algebras. Our main theorems are generalizations of the facts on dimension of Reynolds ideals.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Yoshihiro Otokita

The spectral properties of the Laplacian operator on ``small-world'' lattices, that is mixtures of unidimensional chains and random graphs structures are investigated numerically and analytically. A transfer matrix formalism including a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Remi Monasson

A graph $G$ is said to be determined by its generalized spectrum (DGS for short) if for any graph $H$, $H$ and $G$ are cospectral with cospectral complements implies that $H$ is isomorphic to $G$. It turns out that whether a graph $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-22 Wei Wang

In this paper, we present various inequalities for generalized numerical radius of $2 \times 2$ block matrices for Schatten p-norm. Moreover, we give a refinement of the triangle inequality for the Schatten p-generalized numerical radius.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-07 Jana Hamza , Hassan Issa

We consider symmetric powers of a graph. In particular, we show that the spectra of the symmetric square of strongly regular graphs with the same parameters are equal. We also provide some bounds on the spectra of the symmetric squares of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Koenraad Audenaert , Chris Godsil , Gordon Royle , Terry Rudolph

In [Steve Butler. A note about cospectral graphs for the adjacency and normalized Laplacian matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra, 58(3-4):387-390, 2010.], Butler constructed a family of bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

This paper investigates spectral properties of the deformed Laplacian matrix, which merges the Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices of a graph through a one-parameter family of matrices. We present general results on the eigenvalues of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Roberto C. Díaz , Elismar R. Oliveira , Vilmar Trevisan