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Instruments for gamma-ray astronomy at Very High Energies ($E>100\,{\rm GeV}$) have traditionally derived their scientific results through proprietary data and software. Data standardisation has become a prominent issue in this field both…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 S. Abe , J. Abhir , A. Abhishek , V. A. Acciari , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , T. Aniello , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , C. Arcaro , M. Artero , K. Asano , A. Babić , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , I. Batković , A. Bautista , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , E. Bronzini , I. Burelli , G. Busetto , A. Campoy-Ordaz , A. Carosi , R. Carosi , M. Carretero-Castrillo , A. J. Castro-Tirado , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , Y. Chai , A. Cifuentes , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , G. D'Amico , V. D'Elia , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , R. de Menezes , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , J. Escudero , L. Fariña , A. Fattorini , L. Foffano , L. Font , S. Fröse , S. Fukami , Y. Fukazawa , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , P. Gliwny , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , D. Green , J. G. Green , P. Günther , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , T. Hassan , L. Heckmann , J. Herrera Llorente , D. Hrupec , M. Hütten , R. Imazawa , K. Ishio , I. Jiménez Martínez , J. Jormanainen , T. Kayanoki , D. Kerszberg , G. W. Kluge , Y. Kobayashi , P. M. Kouch , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , M. Láinez , A. Lamastra , F. Leone , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , A. Lorini , E. Lyard , B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , S. Mangano , K. Mannheim , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , M. Martínez-Chicharro , A. Mas-Aguilar , D. Mazin , S. Menchiari , S. Mender , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Molero González , E. Molina , H. A. Mondal , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , T. Nakamori , C. Nanci , V. Neustroev , L. Nickel , M. Nievas Rosillo , C. Nigro , L. Nikolić , K. Nishijima , T. Njoh Ekoume , K. Noda , S. Nozaki , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , J. Otero-Santos , S. Paiano , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Peresano , M. Persic , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , F. Podobnik , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , G. Principe , C. Priyadarshi , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , F. G. Saturni , K. Schmidt , F. Schmuckermaier , J. L. Schubert , T. Schweizer , A. Sciaccaluga , G. Silvestri , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , D. Sobczynska , A. Spolon , A. Stamerra , J. Strišković , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , S. Suutarinen , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , P. Temnikov , K. Terauchi , T. Terzić , M. Teshima , S. Truzzi , A. Tutone , S. Ubach , J. van Scherpenberg , M. Vazquez Acosta , S. Ventura , I. Viale , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , R. Walter , M. Will , C. Wunderlich , T. Yamamoto , L. Jouvin , L. Linhoff , M. Linhoff

The standardisation of gamma-ray astronomical data emerged in recent years as a necessity for the future generation of gamma-ray observatories. Nevertheless, adopting a common format for gamma-ray instruments can already benefit the current…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-28 Cosimo Nigro

Most major scientific results produced by ground-based gamma-ray telescopes in the last 30 years have been obtained by expert members of the collaborations operating these instruments. This is due to the proprietary data and software…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-01 C. Nigro , T. Hassan , L. Olivera-Nieto

The MAGIC telescopes are one of the three major IACTs (Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes) for observation of gamma rays in the TeV regime currently operative. MAGIC functions since 2003, and has published data from more than 60…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-04 Michele Doro , Cosimo Nigro , Elisa Prandini , Andrea Tramacere , Manuel Delfino , Jordi Delgado , Elia do Souto , Lea Jouvin , Javier Rico

A wide range of data formats and proprietary software have traditionally been used in gamma-ray astronomy, usually developed for a single specific mission or experiment. However, in recent years there has been an increasing effort towards…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-10 Laura Olivera-Nieto , Vikas Joshi , Harm Schoorlemmer , Axel Donath

The operation of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), as an Open Observatory requires data products and analysis tools to be accessible and usable by the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-18 Cosimo Nigro , Tarek Hassan

In gamma-ray astronomy, a variety of data formats and proprietary software have been traditionally used, often developed for one specific mission or experiment. Especially for ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs),…

In February 2007 the MAGIC Air Cherenkov Telescope for gamma-ray astronomy was fully upgraded with an ultra fast 2 GSamples/s digitization system. Since the Cherenkov light flashes are very short, a fast readout can minimize the influence…

The analysis and combination of data from different gamma-ray instruments involves the use of collaboration proprietary software and case-by-case methods. The effort of defining a common data format for high-level data, namely event lists…

With the commissioning of the second MAGIC gamma-ray Cherenkov telescope situated close to MAGIC-I, the standard analysis package of the MAGIC collaboration, MARS, has been upgraded in order to perform the stereoscopic reconstruction of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 A. Moralejo , M. Gaug , E. Carmona , P. Colin , C. Delgado , S. Lombardi , D. Mazin , V. Scalzotto , J. Sitarek , D. Tescaro

The open-source Python package Gammapy, developed for the high-level analysis of gamma-ray data, requires gamma-like event lists combined with the corresponding instrument response functions. For a morphological analysis, these data have to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-23 Simone Mender , Lena Linhoff , Tarek Hassan , Cosimo Nigro , Dominik Elsässer

MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope) is a system of two 17 meters Cherenkov telescopes, sensitive to very high energy (VHE; $> 10^{11}$ eV) gamma radiation above an energy threshold of 50 GeV. The first telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 O. Tibolla

In the past decade imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays such as H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, as well as the Fermi-LAT space telescope have provided us with detailed images and spectra of the gamma-ray universe for the first time.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-07 Axel Donath , Christoph Deil , Manuel Paz Arribas , Johannes King , Ellis Owen , Régis Terrier , Ignasi Reichardt , Jon Harris , Rolf Bühler , Stefan Klepser

During its first cycle, the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescope was performing an observational campaign covering a total of about 250 hours on galactic sources. Here we review the results for the very high…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nuria Sidro

Context. The increase in sensitivity of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) has lead to numerous detections of extended $\gamma$-ray sources at TeV energies, sometimes of sizes comparable to the instrument's field of view…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Ie. Vovk , M. Strzys , C. Fruck

The MAGIC telescope is an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope, designed to observe very high energy gamma-rays while achieving a low energy threshold. One of the key science goals is fast follow-up of the enigmatic and short lived…

Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-08 T. Bretz , D. Dorner , R. M. Wagner , P. Sawallisch

Very High Energy gamma-ray astronomy with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is evolving towards the model of a public observatory. Handling, processing and archiving the large amount of data generated by the CTA instruments and delivering…

With the advent of a new generation of telescopes (INTEGRAL, Fermi, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, MILAGRO) and the prospects of planned observatories such as CTA or HAWC, gamma-ray astronomy is becoming an integral part of modern astrophysical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-31 Jürgen Knödlseder

The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) Telescope collaboration is constructing a large Cherenkov telescope (17 m diameter) for the exploration of the gamma-ray energy regime above 10 GeV with high sensitivity. One of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 D. Petry
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