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Quantum computers have great potential to solve problems which are intractable on classical computers. However, quantum processors have not yet reached the required scale to run applications which outperform traditional computers. Leading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 M. J. Weaver , G. Arnold , H. Weaver , S. Gröblacher , R. Stockill

Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems, and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack…

Quantum technologies promise a radically new way to solve classically intractable computing problems. Superconducting circuits as a platform are at the forefront of this field. The cryogenic operation temperatures of superconducting…

Current control techniques for cryogenically cooled qubits are realized with coaxial cables, posing multiple challenges in terms of cost, thermal load, size, and long-term scalability. Emerging approaches to tackle this issue include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Malek Succar , Mohamed I. Ibrahim

Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 F. Lecocq , F. Quinlan , K. Cicak , J. Aumentado , S. A. Diddams , J. D. Teufel

A fundamental challenge of the quantum revolution is to efficiently interface the quantum computing systems operating at cryogenic temperatures with room temperature electronics and media for high data-rate communication. Current approaches…

Scalable quantum information processing with superconducting circuits is expected to advance from individual processors located in single dilution refrigerators to more powerful distributed quantum computing systems. The realization of…

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) at cryogenic temperatures enable a wide range of applications in scalable classical and quantum systems for computing and sensing. A promising application of cryogenic PICs is to provide optical…

While nonclassical light sources are fundamental to quantum communication and computing, solid-state platforms like color centers and quantum dots require cryogenic temperatures to reach the performance levels necessary for practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Alex H. Rubin , Victoria A. Norman , Marina Radulaski

Encoding information onto optical fields is the backbone of modern telecommunication networks. Optical fibers offer low loss transport and vast bandwidth compared to electrical cables, and are currently also replacing coaxial cables for…

Quantum technologies offer unprecedented capabilities in computation and secure information transfer. Their implementation requires qubits to operate at cryogenic temperatures (CT) while control and readout electronics typically still…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Yating Zou , Batuhan Keskin , Gregor G. Taylor , Zenghui Li , Jie Wang , Eduard Alarcon , Fabio Sebastiano , Masoud Babaie , Edoardo Charbon

Recent developments in quantum light-matter coupled systems and quantum transducers have highlighted the need for cryogenic optical measurements. In this study, we present a mechanically-rigid fiber-optic coupler with a coupling efficiency…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-30 Mengdi Zhao , Kejie Fang

Superconducting quantum processors are a leading platform for implementing practical quantum computation algorithms. Although superconducting quantum processors with hundreds of qubits have been demonstrated, their further scaling up is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Yiyu Zhou , Yufeng Wu , Chunzhen Li , Mohan Shen , Likai Yang , Jiacheng Xie , Hong X. Tang

Large-scale cryogenic quantum systems are constrained by an input-output bottleneck between room-temperature electronics and millikelvin stages, particularly in superconducting qubit platforms. This bottleneck is most acute for output…

Integrated electrical and photonic circuits (PIC) operating at cryogenic temperatures are fundamental building blocks required to achieve scalable quantum computing, and cryogenic computing technologies. Optical interconnects offer better…

A number of critical active and passive components of optical links have been tested at 77 K or lower temperatures, demonstrating potential development of optical links operating inside the liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC)…

Superconducting quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize computational capabilities. However, scaling up large quantum processors is limited by the cumbersome and heat-conductive electronic cables that connect room-temperature…

Scaling superconducting quantum computers to the fault-tolerant regime calls for a commensurate scaling of the classical control and readout stack. Today's systems largely rely on room-temperature, rack-based instrumentation connected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Shiro Kawabata

For low-temperature experiments such as liquid xenon dark matter detectors, it is crucial to read out detector signals from cryostats. Traditionally, photoelectrical signals are transmitted from the cryogenic region to the outside using…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-12 Z. Zhou , W. Wu , J. Tang , Y. Fu , Y. Guo , Y. Liu , X. Wang , W. Zhi

Broadband, energy-efficient signal transfer between cryogenic and room-temperature environment has been a major bottleneck for superconducting quantum and classical logic circuits. Photonic links promise to overcome this challenge by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Mohan Shen , Jiacheng Xie , Yuntao Xu , Sihao Wang , Risheng Cheng , Wei Fu , Yiyu Zhou , Hong X. Tang
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