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We construct new invariant polynomial for long virtual knots. It is a generalization of Alexander polynomial. We designate it by $\zeta$ meaning an analogy with $\zeta$-polynomial for virtual links. A degree of $\zeta$-polynomial estimates…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-06-24 Afanasiev Denis

The Kauffman-Vogel polynomials are three variable polynomial invariants of $4$-valent rigid vertex graphs. A one-variable specialization of the Kauffman-Vogel polynomials for unoriented $4$-valent rigid vertex graphs was given by using the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-06 Wataru Yuasa

We exhibit non-switching-isomorphic signed graphs that share a common underlying graph and common chromatic polynomials, thereby answering a question posed by Zaslavsky. For various joins of all-positive or all-negative signed complete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Gary R. W. Greaves , Jeven Syatriadi , Charissa I. Utomo

We consider a plane polynomial vector field $P(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy$ of degree $m>1$. To each algebraic invariant curve of such a field we associate a compact Riemann surface with the meromorphic differential $\omega=dx/P=dy/Q$. The asymptotic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-10-31 Alexei Tsygvintsev

Using the grid diagram formulation of knot Floer homology, Ozsvath, Szabo and Thurston defined an invariant of transverse knots in the tight contact 3-sphere. Shortly afterwards, Lisca, Ozsvath, Stipsicz and Szabo defined an invariant of…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-11 John A. Baldwin , David Shea Vela-Vick , Vera Vertesi

A permutation graph is a graph that can be derived from a permutation, where the vertices correspond to letters of the permutation, and the edges represent inversions. We provide a construction to show that there are infinitely many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Aysel Erey , Zachary Gershkoff , Amanda Lohss , Ranjan Rohatgi

X.S. Lin's original definition of twisted Alexander knot polynomial is generalized for arbitrary finitely presented groups. J. Cha's fibering obstruction theorem is generalized. The group of a nontrivial virtual knot shown by L. Kauffman to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-08-14 Daniel S. Silver , Susan G. Williams

In order to apply quantum topology methods to nonplanar graphs, we define a planar diagram category that describes the local topology of embeddings of graphs into surfaces. These \emph{virtual graphs} are a categorical interpretation of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-01 Calvin McPhail-Snyder , Kyle A. Miller

Let $k$ be a field, let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group over $k$, and let $V$ be a linear representation of $G$. Geometric invariant theory involves the study of the $k$-algebra of $G$-invariant polynomials on $V$, and the relation…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-08-07 Manjul Bhargava , Benedict H. Gross

We construct an invariant of 3-manifolds using a modification of the Kontsevich integral and Kirby's calculus. This invariant, as expected in perturbative Chern-Simon theory, takes values in the algebra of oriented 3-valent graphs. This…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Thang T. Q. Le , Jun Murakami , Tomotada Ohtsuki

We introduce a new invariant of tangles along with an algebraic framework in which to understand it. We claim that the invariant contains the classical Alexander polynomial of knots and its multivariable extension to links. We argue that of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2013-09-16 Dror Bar-Natan , Sam Selmani

We describe symmetries of the braid monodromy decomposition for a class of plane curves defined over reals including the real curves with no real points and proving new divisibility relations for Alexander invariants of such curves.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-06-22 A. Libgober

The generalized volume conjecture and the AJ conjecture (a.k.a. the quantum volume conjecture) are extended to $U_q(\fraksl_2)$ colored quantum invariants of the theta and tetrahedron graph. The $\SL(2,\bC)$ character variety of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-06-19 Satoshi Nawata , P. Ramadevi , Zodinmawia

To a singular knot K with n double points, one can associate a chord diagram with n chords. A chord diagram can also be understood as a 4-regular graph endowed with an oriented Euler circuit. L. Traldi introduced a polynomial invariant for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Alexander Dunaykin , Vyacheslav Zhukov

Graph polynomials are deemed useful if they give rise to algebraic characterizations of various graph properties, and their evaluations encode many other graph invariants. Algebraic: The complete graphs $K_n$ and the complete bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-03 T. Kotek , J. A. Makowsky , E. V. Ravve

We construct invariant polynomials on truncated multicurrent algebras, which are Lie algebras of the form $\mathfrak{g} \otimes_\mathbb{F} \mathbb{F}[t_1,\dotsc,t_\ell]/I$, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-04 Tiago Macedo , Alistair Savage

Webs give a diagrammatic calculus for spaces of tensor invariants. We introduce hourglass plabic graphs as a new avatar of webs, and use these to give the first rotation-invariant $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_4)$-web basis, a long-sought object. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Christian Gaetz , Oliver Pechenik , Stephan Pfannerer , Jessica Striker , Joshua P. Swanson

We complete the enumeration of the possible roots of the Alexander polynomial (both conventional and over finite fields) of a trigonal curve. The curves are not assumed proper or irreducible.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Alex Degtyarev

We study a certain relaxation of the classic vertex coloring problem, namely, a coloring of vertices of undirected, simple graphs, such that there are no monochromatic triangles. We give the first classification of the problem in terms of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Michał Karpiński , Krzysztof Piecuch

A tangle is an oriented 1-submanifold of the cylinder whose endpoints lie on the two disks in the boundary of the cylinder. Using an algebraic tool developed by Lescop, we extend the Burau representation of braids to a functor from the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-07-29 Stephen Bigelow , Alessia Cattabriga , Vincent Florens