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Training multimodal foundation models is challenging due to the limited availability of multimodal datasets. While many public datasets pair images with text, few combine images with audio or text with audio. Even rarer are datasets that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Manuel Tran , Yashin Dicente Cid , Amal Lahiani , Fabian J. Theis , Tingying Peng , Eldad Klaiman

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

As an increasingly popular task in multimedia information retrieval, video moment retrieval (VMR) aims to localize the target moment from an untrimmed video according to a given language query. Most previous methods depend heavily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiang Fang , Daizong Liu , Pan Zhou , Yuchong Hu

Deep neural networks often encounter significant performance drops while facing with domain shifts between training (source) and test (target) data. To address this issue, Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods have been proposed to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Yuntao Du , Tao Tan , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP learn a shared embedding space for images and text, yet their representations remain geometrically separated, a phenomenon known as the modality gap. This gap limits tasks requiring cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hongyuan Liu , Qinli Yang , Wen Li , Zhong Zhang , Jiaming Liu , Wei Han , Zhili Qin , Jinxia Guo , Junming Shao

Despite the recent success of Multimodal Foundation Models (FMs), their reliance on massive paired datasets limits their applicability in low-data and rare-scenario settings where aligned data is scarce and expensive. A key bottleneck is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Truong Pham , Anay Majee , Rishabh Iyer

Collaborative game-based learning environments offer rich opportunities for small-group knowledge construction, yet automatically predicting student collaboration satisfaction remains challenging. A critical barrier is modality degradation:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wen-Hsin Tsai , Chia-Ming Lee , Yuk-Ying Tung

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved significant zero-shot performance on downstream tasks with various fine-tuning adaptation methods. However, recent studies have proven that adversarial attacks can significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jia-Wei Hai , Yijun Wang , Xiu-Shen Wei

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to the target domain in a batch-by-batch manner during inference. While label distributions often exhibit imbalances in real-world scenarios, most previous TTA approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Sunghyun Park , Seunghan Yang , Jaegul Choo , Sungrack Yun

Recent learning-based multi-view stereo (MVS) methods are data-driven and have achieved remarkable progress due to large-scale training data and advanced architectures. However, their generalization remains sub-optimal due to fixed model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hannuo Zhang , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Xinxin Zuo

Real-world application models are commonly deployed in dynamic environments, where the target domain distribution undergoes temporal changes. Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged as a promising technique to gradually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shilei Cao , Juepeng Zheng , Yan Liu , Baoquan Zhao , Ziqi Yuan , Weijia Li , Runmin Dong , Haohuan Fu

In this paper, we tackle Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (MSDA), a task in transfer learning where one adapts multiple heterogeneous, labeled source probability measures towards a different, unlabeled target measure. We propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-22 Eduardo Fernandes Montesuma , Fred Ngolè Mboula , Antoine Souloumiac

Deep classifiers may encounter significant performance degradation when processing unseen testing data from varying centers, vendors, and protocols. Ensuring the robustness of deep models against these domain shifts is crucial for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Xiaoqiong Huang , Xinrui Zhou , Haozhe Chi , Haoran Dou , Xindi Hu , Jian Wang , Xuedong Deng , Dong Ni

We explore Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which integrate LLMs like GPT-4 to handle multimodal data, including text, images, audio, and more. MLLMs demonstrate capabilities such as generating image captions and answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shezheng Song , Xiaopeng Li , Shasha Li , Shan Zhao , Jie Yu , Jun Ma , Xiaoguang Mao , Weimin Zhang

Multi-target domain adaptation (MTDA) for semantic segmentation poses a significant challenge, as it involves multiple target domains with varying distributions. The goal of MTDA is to minimize the domain discrepancies among a single source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Seungbeom Woo , Geonwoo Baek , Taehoon Kim , Jaemin Na , Joong-won Hwang , Wonjun Hwang

Since distribution shifts are likely to occur after a model's deployment and can drastically decrease the model's performance, online test-time adaptation (TTA) continues to update the model during test-time, leveraging the current test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Mario Döbler , Florian Marencke , Robert A. Marsden , Bin Yang

Multi-source Domain Adaptation (MDA) seeks to adapt models trained on data from multiple labeled source domains to perform effectively on an unlabeled target domain data, assuming access to sources data. To address the challenges of model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Omar Ghannou , Younès Bennani

We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

Traditional test-time adaptation (TTA) methods face significant challenges in adapting to dynamic environments characterized by continuously changing long-term target distributions. These challenges primarily stem from two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Fahim Faisal Niloy , Sk Miraj Ahmed , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Samet Oymak , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury