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Deep reinforcement learning has shown promising results on an abundance of robotic tasks in simulation, including visual navigation and manipulation. Prior work generally aims to build embodied agents that solve their assigned tasks as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Tianwei Ni , Kiana Ehsani , Luca Weihs , Jordi Salvador

Learning from previously collected data via behavioral cloning or offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful recipe for scaling generalist agents by avoiding the need for expensive online learning. Despite strong generalization in…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation, unifying perception and control within a single end-to-end architecture. However, despite their success in controlled environments,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Daniel Yezid Guarnizo Orjuela , Leonardo Scappatura , Veronica Di Gennaro , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

We study the task of language-conditioned pick and place in clutter, where a robot should grasp a target object in open clutter and move it to a specified place. Some approaches learn end-to-end policies with features from vision foundation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Kechun Xu , Xunlong Xia , Kaixuan Wang , Yifei Yang , Yunxuan Mao , Bing Deng , Jieping Ye , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang

A robot's deployment environment often involves perceptual changes that differ from what it has experienced during training. Standard practices such as data augmentation attempt to bridge this gap by augmenting source images in an effort to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Takuma Yoneda , Ge Yang , Matthew R. Walter , Bradly Stadie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) capable of performing a wide range of visual understanding tasks. While LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Muhammad Ali , Salman Khan

Trustworthy robot behavior requires not only high levels of task success but also that the robot can reliably quantify how likely it is to succeed. To this end, we present a first-of-its-kind study of confidence calibration in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thomas P Zollo , Richard Zemel

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently been leveraged to generate robotic actions, forming Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, directly adapting a pretrained VLM for robotic control remains challenging, particularly when…

In complex scenarios where typical pick-and-place techniques are insufficient, often non-prehensile manipulation can ensure that a robot is able to fulfill its task. However, non-prehensile manipulation is challenging due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Nils Dengler , Juan Del Aguila Ferrandis , João Moura , Sethu Vijayakumar , Maren Bennewitz

Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

Model-free continuous control for robot navigation tasks using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) that relies on noisy policies for exploration is sensitive to the density of rewards. In practice, robots are usually deployed in cluttered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Mingyu Cai , Erfan Aasi , Calin Belta , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

We investigate the task and motion planning problem of clearing clutter from a workspace with limited ingress/egress access for multiple robots. We call the problem multi-robot clutter removal (MRCR). Targeting practical applications where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Wei N. Tang , Shuai D. Han , Jingjin Yu

Previous studies have proposed image-based clutter measures that correlate with human search times and/or eye movements. However, most models do not take into account the fact that the effects of clutter interact with the foveated nature of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Arturo Deza , Miguel P. Eckstein

Developing robust and general-purpose manipulation policies represents a fundamental objective in robotics research. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated promising capabilities for end-to-end robot control, existing…

The field of visual representation learning has seen explosive growth in the past years, but its benefits in robotics have been surprisingly limited so far. Prior work uses generic visual representations as a basis to learn (task-specific)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jianren Wang , Sudeep Dasari , Mohan Kumar Srirama , Shubham Tulsiani , Abhinav Gupta

Manipulation in clutter requires solving complex sequential decision making problems in an environment rich with physical interactions. The transfer of motion planning solutions from simulation to the real world, in open-loop, suffers from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Wissam Bejjani , Rafael Papallas , Matteo Leonetti , Mehmet R. Dogar

Developing efficient Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies is crucial for practical robotics deployment, yet current approaches face prohibitive computational costs and resource requirements. Existing diffusion-based VLA policies require…

To realize effective large-scale, real-world robotic applications, we must evaluate how well our robot policies adapt to changes in environmental conditions. Unfortunately, a majority of studies evaluate robot performance in environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Wilbert Pumacay , Ishika Singh , Jiafei Duan , Ranjay Krishna , Jesse Thomason , Dieter Fox