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Large language models (LLMs) often rely on user-specific memories distilled from past interactions to enable personalized generation. A common practice is to concatenate these memories with the input prompt, but this approach quickly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ondrej Bohdal , Pramit Saha , Umberto Michieli , Mete Ozay , Taha Ceritli

After a large language model (LLM) is deployed on edge devices, it is desirable for these devices to learn from user-generated conversation data to generate user-specific and personalized responses in real-time. However, user-generated data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Ruiyang Qin , Jun Xia , Zhenge Jia , Meng Jiang , Ahmed Abbasi , Peipei Zhou , Jingtong Hu , Yiyu Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated success across many benchmarks. However, they still exhibit limitations in long-context scenarios, primarily due to their short effective context length, quadratic computational complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Manlai Liang , Mandi Liu , Jiangzhou Ji , Huaijun Li , Haobo Yang , Yaohan He , Jinlong Li

Training large language models (LLMs) in the cloud faces growing memory bottlenecks due to the limited capacity and high cost of GPUs. While GPU memory offloading to CPU and NVMe has made large-scale training more feasible, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sabiha Afroz , Redwan Ibne Seraj Khan , Hadeel Albahar , Jingoo Han , Ali R. Butt

To reduce uploading bandwidth and address privacy concerns, deep learning at the network edge has been an emerging topic. Typically, edge devices collaboratively train a shared model using real-time generated data through the Parameter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Shangming Cai , Dongsheng Wang , Haixia Wang , Yongqiang Lyu , Guangquan Xu , Xi Zheng , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Training large language models (LLMs) at the network edge faces fundamental challenges arising from device resource constraints, severe data heterogeneity, and heightened privacy risks. To address these challenges, we propose ELSA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiaohong Yang , Tong Xie , Minghui Liwang , Chikai Shang , Yang Lu , Zhenzhen Jiao , Liqun Fu , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour

Motivated by the imperative for real-time responsiveness and data privacy preservation, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on resource-constrained edge devices to enable localized inference. To improve output quality,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Guihang Hong , Tao Ouyang , Kongyange Zhao , Zhi Zhou , Xu Chen

In-context learning of large-language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language processing, while extensive case studies reveal that the single-step chain-of-thought prompting approach faces challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yuanzhen Xie , Xinzhou Jin , Tao Xie , MingXiong Lin , Liang Chen , Chenyun Yu , Lei Cheng , ChengXiang Zhuo , Bo Hu , Zang Li

Despite being trained on significant amounts of data, Large Language Models (LLMs) can provide inaccurate or unreliable information in the context of a user's specific query. Given query-specific context significantly improves the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Millie Vyas , Timothy Blattner , Alden Dima

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to their input contexts, motivating the development of automated context engineering. However, existing methods predominantly treat this as a global search problem, seeking a single context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiachen Zhu , Zhuoying Ou , Congmin Zheng , Yuxiang Chen , Zeyu Zheng , Rong Shan , Lingyu Yang , Lionel Z. Wang , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Jianghao Lin

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

Benefiting from the strong reasoning capabilities, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in recommender systems. Various efforts have been made to distill knowledge from LLMs to enhance collaborative models,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Xihong Yang , Heming Jing , Zixing Zhang , Jindong Wang , Huakang Niu , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yu Lu , Junfeng Wang , Dawei Yin , Xinwang Liu , En Zhu , Defu Lian , Erxue Min

AI agents based on multimodal large language models (LLMs) are expected to revolutionize human-computer interaction and offer more personalized assistant services across various domains like healthcare, education, manufacturing, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han , Dong In Kim , Khaled B. Letaief

The rise of generative chat-based Large Language Models (LLMs) over the past two years has spurred a race to develop systems that promise near-human conversational and reasoning experiences. However, recent studies indicate that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Daniel Guzman-Olivares , Lara Quijano-Sanchez , Federico Liberatore

In this article, we present a novel framework, named distributed task-oriented communication networks (DTCN), based on recent advances in multimodal semantic transmission and edge intelligence. In DTCN, the multimodal knowledge of semantic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-22 Jie Guo , Hao Chen , Bin Song , Yuhao Chi , Chau Yuen , Fei Richard Yu , Geoffrey Ye Li , Dusit Niyato

To achieve continuous massive data transmission with significantly reduced data payload, the users can adopt semantic communication techniques to compress the redundant information by transmitting semantic features instead. However, current…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Youcheng Zeng , Xinxin He , Xu Chen , Haonan Tong , Zhaohui Yang , Yijun Guo , Jianjun Hao

Low-Latency IoT applications such as autonomous vehicles, augmented/virtual reality devices and security applications require high computation resources to make decisions on the fly. However, these kinds of applications cannot tolerate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Amine Abouaomar , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Zoubeir Mlika , Abdellatif Kobbane

In this paper, we point out that the objective of the retrieval algorithms is to align with the LLM, which is similar to the objective of knowledge distillation in LLMs. We analyze the similarity in information focus between the distilled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiaming Xu , Jiayi Pan , Hanzhen Wang , Yongkang Zhou , Jiancai Ye , Yu Wang , Guohao Dai

AI-assisted coding tools powered by Code Large Language Models (CodeLLMs) are increasingly integrated into modern software development workflows. To address concerns around privacy, latency, and model customization, many enterprises opt to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kishanthan Thangarajah , Boyuan Chen , Shi Chang , Ahmed E. Hassan

Inference serving for large language models (LLMs) is the key to unleashing their potential in people's daily lives. However, efficient LLM serving remains challenging today because the requests are inherently heterogeneous and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Biao Sun , Ziming Huang , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Xinyi Zhang , Yong Li , Wei Lin