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Visual reasoning is central to human cognition, enabling individuals to interpret and abstractly understand their environment. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Susan Liang , Guangyu Sun , Luchuan Song , Yunlong Tang , Jinxi He , Jiarui Wu , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han

Recent reasoning models, such as OpenAI's O1 series, have demonstrated exceptional performance on complex reasoning tasks and revealed new test-time scaling laws. Inspired by this, many people have been studying how to train models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Self-correction has emerged as a promising solution to boost the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), where LLMs refine their solutions using self-generated critiques that pinpoint the errors. This work explores whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yunxiang Zhang , Muhammad Khalifa , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Jaekyeom Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Lu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek's R1, excel at advanced reasoning tasks like math and coding via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), but still struggle with puzzles solvable by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiangjie Chen , Qianyu He , Siyu Yuan , Aili Chen , Zhicheng Cai , Weinan Dai , Hongli Yu , Qiying Yu , Xuefeng Li , Jiaze Chen , Hao Zhou , Mingxuan Wang

We study self-rewarding reasoning large language models (LLMs), which can simultaneously generate step-by-step reasoning and evaluate the correctness of their outputs during the inference time-without external feedback. This integrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wei Xiong , Hanning Zhang , Chenlu Ye , Lichang Chen , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

The development of reasoning capabilities represents a critical frontier in large language models (LLMs) research, where reinforcement learning (RL) and process reward models (PRMs) have emerged as predominant methodological frameworks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhangying Feng , Qianglong Chen , Ning Lu , Yongqian Li , Siqi Cheng , Shuangmu Peng , Duyu Tang , Shengcai Liu , Zhirui Zhang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently achieved significant progress in complex reasoning tasks, aided by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, LRMs often suffer from overthinking, expending excessive computation on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chuhuai Yue , Chengqi Dong , Yinan Gao , Hang He , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly assist secure software development, their ability to meet the rigorous demands of Rust program verification remains unclear. Existing evaluations treat Rust verification as a black box, assessing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zichen Xie , Wenxi Wang

The recent DeepSeek-R1 release has demonstrated the immense potential of reinforcement learning (RL) in enhancing the general reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While DeepSeek-R1 and other follow-up work primarily focus…

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in generating promising reasoning paths for complex tasks. However, despite powerful generation ability, LLMs remain weak at verifying their own answers, revealing a persistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuxin Chen , Yu Wang , Yi Zhang , Ziang Ye , Zhengzhou Cai , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Synthetic verification techniques such as generating test cases and reward modelling are common ways to enhance the coding capabilities of large language models (LLM) beyond predefined tests. Additionally, code verification has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aleksander Ficek , Somshubra Majumdar , Vahid Noroozi , Boris Ginsburg

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown promise in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) by increasing test-time compute. However, even after extensive RLVR training, such models still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pinzheng Wang , Shuli Xu , Juntao Li , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Min Zhang

Exceptional mathematical reasoning ability is one of the key features that demonstrate the power of large language models (LLMs). How to comprehensively define and evaluate the mathematical abilities of LLMs, and even reflect the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zihao Zhou , Shudong Liu , Maizhen Ning , Wei Liu , Jindong Wang , Derek F. Wong , Xiaowei Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Mathematical reasoning has long represented one of the most fundamental and challenging frontiers in artificial intelligence research. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in this area. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Peng-Yuan Wang , Tian-Shuo Liu , Chenyang Wang , Yi-Di Wang , Shu Yan , Cheng-Xing Jia , Xu-Hui Liu , Xin-Wei Chen , Jia-Cheng Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu

Through reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome correctness rewards, large reasoning models (LRMs) with scaled inference computation have demonstrated substantial success on complex reasoning tasks. However, the one-sided reward, focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Shuang Zeng , Chuwei Luo , WangJie You , Jie Tang , Qingsong Liu , Yuhang Guo , Yangyang Kang

Recent advances have shown that scaling test-time computation enables large language models (LLMs) to solve increasingly complex problems across diverse domains. One effective paradigm for test-time scaling (TTS) involves LLM generators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yefan Zhou , Austin Xu , Yilun Zhou , Janvijay Singh , Jiang Gui , Shafiq Joty

Large language models (LLMs) present an opportunity to scale high-quality personalized education to all. A promising approach towards this means is to build dialog tutoring models that scaffold students' problem-solving. However, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Nico Daheim , Jakub Macina , Manu Kapur , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan