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Visual Information Extraction (VIE) converts unstructured document images into structured formats like JSON, critical for medical applications such as report analysis and online consultations. Traditional methods rely on OCR and language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lijun Liu , Ruiyang Li , Zhaocheng Liu , Chenglin Zhu , Chong Li , Jiehan Cheng , Qiang Ju , Jian Xie

In this paper we present a textual description, in terms of Description Logics, of the BPMN Ontology, which provides a clear semantic formalisation of the structural components of the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN), based on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Chiara Ghidini , Marco Rospocher , Luciano Serafini

Open-source Vision-Language Models show immense promise for enterprise applications, yet a critical disconnect exists between academic evaluation and enterprise deployment requirements. Current benchmarks rely heavily on multiple-choice…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Srihari Bandraupalli , Anupam Purwar

Extracting meaningful entities belonging to predefined categories from Visually-rich Form-like Documents (VFDs) is a challenging task. Visual and layout features such as font, background, color, and bounding box location and size provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hao Wang , Xiahua Chen , Rui Wang , Chenhui Chu

Document Understanding is an evolving field in Natural Language Processing (NLP). In particular, visual and spatial features are essential in addition to the raw text itself and hence, several multimodal models were developed in the field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Wiam Adnan , Joel Tang , Yassine Bel Khayat Zouggari , Seif Edinne Laatiri , Laurent Lam , Fabien Caspani

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in natural language understanding. However, through that enormous semantic representation that the LLM has learnt, is it somehow possible for it to understand images as well?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mu Cai , Zeyi Huang , Yuheng Li , Utkarsh Ojha , Haohan Wang , Yong Jae Lee

Enterprise documents, such as forms and reports, embed critical information for downstream applications like data archiving, automated workflows, and analytics. Although generalist Vision Language Models (VLMs) perform well on established…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mathieu Sibue , Andres Muñoz Garza , Samuel Mensah , Pranav Shetty , Zhiqiang Ma , Xiaomo Liu , Manuela Veloso

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable visual and linguistic capabilities, achieving impressive performance in various tasks such as image recognition and object localization. However, their effectiveness in fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhecheng Li , Guoxian Song , Yujun Cai , Zhen Xiong , Junsong Yuan , Yiwei Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate multimodal content, including presentation slides, yet their slide-specific understanding remains underexplored {despite their growing role as critics in agentic, model-forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hyeonsu Kang , Emily Bao , Anjan Goswami

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is widely used to extract text from images of documents, facilitating efficient digitization and data retrieval. However, merely extracting text is insufficient when dealing with complex…

We present LLMStructBench, a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on extracting structured data and generating valid JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) outputs from natural-language text. Our open dataset comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Vision-language models (VLMs) can read text from images, but where does this optical character recognition (OCR) information enter the language processing stream? We investigate the OCR routing mechanism across three architecture families…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jonathan Steinberg , Oren Gal

Procedural materials, represented as functional node graphs, are ubiquitous in computer graphics for photorealistic material appearance design. They allow users to perform intuitive and precise editing to achieve desired visual appearances.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Beichen Li , Rundi Wu , Armando Solar-Lezama , Changxi Zheng , Liang Shi , Bernd Bickel , Wojciech Matusik

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Graph Representation Learning (GRL) marks a significant evolution in analyzing complex data structures. This collaboration harnesses the sophisticated linguistic capabilities of LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Qiheng Mao , Zemin Liu , Chenghao Liu , Zhuo Li , Jianling Sun

Comprehending 3D environments is vital for intelligent systems in domains like robotics and autonomous navigation. Voxel grids offer a structured representation of 3D space, but extracting high-level semantic meaning remains challenging.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alan Dao , Norapat Buppodom

Do we still need to represent objects explicitly in multimodal large language models (MLLMs)? To one extreme, pre-trained encoders convert images into visual tokens, with which objects and spatiotemporal relationships may be implicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zitian Tang , Shijie Wang , Junho Cho , Jaewook Yoo , Chen Sun

Vision-Language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on multimodal tasks but often fail at systematic visual reasoning tasks, leading to inconsistent or illogical outputs. Neuro-symbolic methods promise to address this by inducing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antonia Wüst , Wolfgang Stammer , Hikaru Shindo , Lukas Helff , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Converting raster floorplans into engineering-grade vector graphics is challenging due to complex topology and strict geometric constraints. To address this, we present FloorplanVLM, a unified framework that reformulates floorplan…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yuanqing Liu , Ziming Yang , Yulong Li , Yue Yang

Business process modelling languages typically enable the representation of business process models by employing (graphical) symbols. These symbols can vary depending upon the verbosity of the language, the modeling paradigm, the focus of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Greta Adamo , Chiara Ghidini , Chiara Di Francescomarino

Medical report interpretation plays a crucial role in healthcare, enabling both patient-facing explanations and effective information flow across clinical systems. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fangxin Shang , Yuan Xia , Dalu Yang , Yahui Wang , Binglin Yang